How to evaluate first aid skills after training: a systematic review

Table 2 Overview of the studies and the evaluation methods used to assess aspects of first aid

	Baruch et al. (2016)	Goolsby et al. (2018)	Goralnick et al. (2018)	Goolsby et al. (2019)	McCarty et al. (2019)	Scott et al. (2020)	Watson & Zhou (2018)	Watson & Zhou (2019)	Handschu et al. (2006)	Kleindorfer et al. (2008)	Ertl & Christ (2007)	Anderson et al. (2011)
Study design
RCT	RCT	RCT	RCT	RCT	RCT	RCT		RCT			RCT	RCT
Cohort							Cohort		Cohort	Cohort
Total number of participant	156	269	465	360	317	246	10	16	532	383	101	257
Scenario or subject of first aid	Bleeding	Bleeding	Bleeding	Bleeding	Bleeding	Bleeding	Choking	Choking	Stroke	Stroke	Multiple scenarios	Multiple scenarios
Timing of the testing
Before intervention	X						X	X	X	X
< 1 month after intervention			X	X		X	X	X	X		X	X
1–3 months after interventions		X								X		X
> 3 months after interventions	X		X		X					X		X
Practical skills of first aid
Recorded by observer		X	X	X	X	X		X			X	X
Recorded by manikin or digital device	X			X		X	X	X				X
Knowledge on first aid
Scenario based/open ended questions		X							X	X
Multiple choice questions										X		X
Emotional aspects of first aid
Scale 1–5 Likert		X		X	X		X	X
Interview											X

ISSN: 1757-7241