RT for blunt trauma | RT for penetrating trauma | ||
---|---|---|---|
Number performed | 26 | 18 | |
Male:female | 22:4 | 15:3 | p = 0.91 |
Mean age ± standard deviation (years) | 42.3 ± 15.9 | 35.9 ± 16.3 | p = 0.20 |
Mean time from 999 to HEMS arrival ± standard deviation (minute) | 32.0 ± 11.8 | 26.9 ± 7.4 | p = 0.11 |
Cardiac output present on arrival of first emergency responder | |||
Yes | 18 | 8 | |
No | 7 | 10 | |
Not documented | 1 | 0 | p = 0.07 |
Cardiac output present on arrival of HEMS team | |||
Yes | 12 | 2 | |
No | 14 | 16 | *p = 0.01 |
Reason for thoracotomy | |||
To exclude tamponade or arrest lung hemorrhage | 8 | 17 | |
Aortic control | 10 | 1 | |
To exclude tamponade and for aortic control | 8 | 0 | *p < 0.01 |
Location of where thoracotomy performed | |||
Ambulance | 1 | 0 | |
Helicopter | 2 | 0 | |
Helipad | 2 | 0 | |
Emergency department (at request of team) | 1 | 0 | |
At scene | 20 | 18 | p = 0.31 |
Cardiac tamponade present | 4/26 | 7/18 | p = 0.08 |
Cardiac movement seen at thoracotomy | 15/23 (3 not documented) | 8/18 | p = 0.18 |
ROSC achieved following thoracotomy | 9/26 | 2/18 | p = 0.08 |
Patient outcome from scene | |||
Aircraft carry to hospital | 5 | 1 | |
Nearest TU | 1 | 1 | |
MTC | 4 | 0 | |
Ground escort to hospital | 5 | 6 | |
Nearest TU | 4 | 5 | |
MTC | 1 | 1 | |
PLE at scene | 16 | 11 | p = 0.45 |