Table 1 Rapid response system criteria of activation and surveillance

     Respiratory

           RR ≤ 8/min, or ≥ 28/min^a

           SpO2 ≤ 90%^a

           Sudden respiratory distressed symptom

     Cardiovascular

           HR ≤ 40/min, or ≥ 130/min^a

           SBP ≤ 80 mmHg, or ≥ 200 mmHg^a

           SBP 80–90 mmHg with symptoms

           Chest pain sustained with nitroglycerin medication

     Neurologic

           Sudden deterioration of consciousness

           Sudden onset facial or extremities paralysis

           New onset epilepsy

           Non-specific unexplained agitation

     Other

           Concerns (worries) by physician

           Hypo-perfusion signs

     Post-ICU

     Higher grade of risk stratification (grade 4 by KPCS-1^b)

     Post-RRS activation