Table 3 Embase Search Strategy

1. (infant* or newborn* or child* or "preschool child*" or juvenile* or preschool* or adolescent* or pediatric* or paediatric* or "young people" or "young person").tw,kw

2. child/ or juvenile/ or infant/ or preschool child/ or school child/ or toddler/

3. adolescent/

4. newborn/

5. pediatrics/ or pediatric emergency medicine/

6. 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5

7. (ambulance* or "transportation of patient*" or "emergency service*" or "emergency medical service*" or EMS or "emergency health service*" or "prehospital care" or prehospital* or pre-hospital* or "out of hospital" or "out of hospital care" or "emergency medicine" or "pediatric emergency medicine" or "paediatric emergency medicine" or "emergency responder*" or "first responder*" or "emergency medical technician*" or "emergency technician*" or "emergency practitioner*" or " emergency medical practitioner*" or "emergency care practitioner*" or EMT or "rescue personnel*" or "emergency nurse*" or paramedic*).tw,kw

8. ambulance/

9. emergency health service/

10. exp rescue personnel/

11. emergency nursing/

12. emergency medicine/ or pediatric emergency medicine/

13. 7 or 8 or 9 or 10 or 11 or 12

14. ("pain management*" or "pain treatment*" or "pain intervention*" or analgesi* or analgaesi* or "analgetic agent*" or "analgesic drug*" or anodynes or antinociceptive or NSAIDs or paracetamol or ketamine or fentanyl or "nitrose oxide" or methoyloxine or morphine or opoid or non-opoid or narcotics or non-narcotics or "regional nerve block*" or "per oral" or peroral or intravanous or "intra venous" or IV or intramuscular or "intra muscular" or "intra nasal" or intranasal or inhalational or "pain reduction" or "pain relief" or oligoanalgesia or "pain intensity" or "pain assessment" or "pain measurement" or effectiveness or "effect management" or "side effect*" or "adverse effect*" or "adverse event*").tw,kw

15. analgesia/

16. analgesic agent/

17. nerve block/

18. fentanyl/

19. ketamine/

20. morphine/

21. paracetamol/

22. exp drug administration route/

23. pain measurement/ or numeric rating scale/

24. pain assessment/

25. 14 or 15 or 16 or 17 or 18 or 19 or 20 or 21 or 22 or 23 or 24

26. 6 and 13 and 25

27. limit 26 to (human and (danish or english or norwegian or swedish) and yr = "2000—2020" and (infant or child or preschool child < 1 to 6 years > or school child < 7 to 12 years > or adolescent < 13 to 17 years >))