From: Deep-learning model for screening sepsis using electrocardiography
Prediction model | Internal validation | External validation | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AUC (95% CI) | SEN (95% CI) | SPE (95% CI) | PPV (95% CI) | NPV (95% CI) | AUC (95% CI) | SEN (95% CI) | SPE (95% CI) | PPV (95% CI) | NPV (95% CI) | |
Performance for screening sepsis | ||||||||||
DLM using 12-lead ECG | 0.901 (0.882–0.920) | 0.904 (0.854–0.953) | 0.776 (0.767–0.785) | 0.067 (0.055–0.078) | 0.998 (0.997–0.999) | 0.863 (0.846–0.879) | 0.765 (0.725–0.804) | 0.810 (0.805–0.816) | 0.083 (0.075–0.091) | 0.994 (0.992–0.995) |
DLM using 6-lead ECG | 0.882 (0.856–0.907) | 0.815 (0.749–0.880) | 0.824 (0.816–0.833) | 0.076 (0.062–0.089) | 0.996 (0.994–0.998) | 0.856 (0.841–0.872) | 0.794 (0.756–0.832) | 0.766 (0.760–0.772) | 0.071 (0.064–0.078) | 0.994 (0.993–0.995) |
DLM using 1-lead ECG | 0.874 (0.850–0.899) | 0.933 (0.891–0.975) | 0.688 (0.678–0.698) | 0.050 (0.042–0.059) | 0.998 (0.997–0.999) | 0.845 (0.827–0.863) | 0.796 (0.759–0.834) | 0.746 (0.739–0.752) | 0.066 (0.059–0.072) | 0.994 (0.993–0.995) |
C-reactive protein | 0.723 (0.670–0.776) | 0.638 (0.550–0.725) | 0.763 (0.748–0.778) | 0.091 (0.071–0.111) | 0.983 (0.977–0.988) | 0.741 (0.716–0.766) | 0.607 (0.561–0.654) | 0.783 (0.776–0.791) | 0.087 (0.077–0.097) | 0.983 (0.981–0.986) |
Body temperature | 0.671 (0.621–0.722) | 0.679 (0.599–0.759) | 0.667 (0.655–0.679) | 0.041 (0.032–0.049) | 0.990 (0.987–0.993) | 0.671 (0.642–0.700) | 0.669 (0.624–0.714) | 0.601 (0.593–0.608) | 0.044 (0.039–0.049) | 0.985 (0.983–0.987) |
Performance for screening septic shock | ||||||||||
DLM using 12-lead ECG | 0.906 (0.877–0.936) | 0.895 (0.815–0.974) | 0.822 (0.814–0.831) | 0.036 (0.026–0.045) | 0.999 (0.998–1.000) | 0.899 (0.872–0.925) | 0.807 (0.743–0.870) | 0.875 (0.871–0.880) | 0.046 (0.038–0.054) | 0.998 (0.998–0.999) |
DLM using 6-lead ECG | 0.881 (0.843–0.918) | 0.842 (0.747–0.937) | 0.792 (0.783–0.801) | 0.029 (0.021–0.037) | 0.999 (0.998–0.999) | 0.893 (0.868–0.917) | 0.880 (0.828–0.932) | 0.749 (0.743–0.755) | 0.026 (0.021–0.030) | 0.999 (0.998–0.999) |
DLM using 1-lead ECG | 0.879 (0.841–0.916) | 0.930 (0.864–0.996) | 0.684 (0.673–0.694) | 0.021 (0.016–0.027) | 0.999 (0.999–1.000) | 0.860 (0.833–0.888) | 0.773 (0.706–0.840) | 0.801 (0.795–0.806) | 0.028 (0.023–0.033) | 0.998 (0.997–0.999) |
C-reactive protein | 0.676 (0.590–0.762) | 0.745 (0.625–0.865) | 0.573 (0.556–0.590) | 0.027 (0.019–0.036) | 0.993 (0.989–0.997) | 0.724 (0.680–0.768) | 0.585 (0.505–0.665) | 0.781 (0.774–0.788) | 0.030 (0.023–0.036) | 0.994 (0.992–0.995) |
Body temperature | 0.659 (0.584–0.734) | 0.685 (0.561–0.809) | 0.663 (0.651–0.674) | 0.017 (0.011–0.022) | 0.996 (0.994–0.998) | 0.680 (0.631–0.730) | 0.697 (0.622–0.773) | 0.596 (0.588–0.604) | 0.016 (0.013–0.019) | 0.995 (0.994–0.997) |