Demographics
|
Age (years, [IQR])
|
49 [30–65]
|
29 [NA]
|
44 [29–53]
|
53 [29–68]
|
49 [30–66]
|
.59
|
Male, gender [n,%]
|
116 [78.9]
|
0[0]
|
23 [88.4]
|
25 [83.3]
|
68 [75.5]
|
.21
|
Mechanism
|
RTC [n,%]
|
66 [44.9]
|
1 [100]
|
12 [46.2]
|
16 [53.3]
|
37 [41.1]
|
.45
|
Falls [n,%]
|
54 [36.7]
|
0 [0]
|
9 [34.6]
|
9 [30.0]
|
36 [40.0]
| |
Assault [n,%]
|
10 [6.8]
|
0 [0]
|
3 [11.5]
|
3 [10]
|
4 [4.4]
| |
Intentional self-harm [n,%]
|
9 [6.1]
|
0 [0]
|
1 [3.8]
|
2 [6.7]
|
6 [6.6]
| |
Accidental injury (other) [n,%]
|
3 [2.0]
|
0 [0]
|
1 [3.8]
|
0 [0]
|
2 [2.2]
| |
Fire exposure [n,%]
|
3 [2.0]
|
0 [0]
|
0 [0]
|
0 [0]
|
3 [3.3]
| |
Other
|
2 [1.4]
|
0 [NA]
|
0 [NA]
|
0 [NA]
|
2 [2.2]
| |
Body regions injured
|
Head [n,%]
|
118 [80.3]
|
1 [100]
|
23 [88.5]
|
22 [73.3]
|
72 [80]
|
.52
|
Chest [n,%]
|
38 [25.9]
|
0 [0]
|
10 [38.5]
|
11 [36.7]
|
17 [18.9]
|
.09
|
Vital signs on arrival HEMS
|
GCS [IQR]
|
8 [4–11]
|
4 [NA]
|
5 [3–9]
|
9 [5–12]
|
8 [5–11]
|
.02
|
SpO2 (%, lQR]
|
98 [88–100]
|
98 [NA]
|
92 [88–99]
|
98 [98–99]
|
98 [88–100]
|
.63
|
SBP (mean, 95%CI)
|
132 [126–138]
|
86 [NA]
|
129 [115–142]
|
134 [117–150]
|
133 [126–140]
|
.005
|
HR (mean, 95%CI)
|
96 [91–101]
|
122 [NA]
|
104 [92–117]
|
97 [84–110]
|
93 [86–99]
|
.68
|
Pre-hospital interventions
|
PHEA
|
Pre-oxygenation [n,%]
|
147
|
1 [100]
|
26 [100]
|
30 [100]
|
90 [100]
|
NA
|
ApOx [n,%]
|
2
|
0 [NA]
|
1 [3.8]
|
1 [3.3]
|
0 [0]
|
.35
|
Peri-Post-PHEA
|
56
|
0 [NA]
|
15 [57.7]
|
14 [46.7]
|
27 [30.0]
|
.04
|
Desaturation [n,%]
|
Post intubation FiO2
|
1.0 [n,%]
|
144 [97.3]
|
1 [0.7]
|
26 [34.6]
|
28 [30]
|
89 [28.9]
|
.52
|
0.5 [n,%]
|
3 [1.7]
|
0 [0]
|
0 [0]
|
2 [6.7]
|
1 [1.1]
| |
Thoracostomies [n,%]*
|
35 [23.8]
|
0 [NA]
|
8 [30.8]
|
11 [36.7]
|
16 [17.8]
|
.14
|
Transfusion and/or Code Red [n,%]
|
26 [17.7]
|
0 [NA]
|
6 [23.1]
|
8 [26.7]
|
12 [13.3]
|
.31
|
In-hospital oxygen treatment
|
Pulse oximetry SpO2 HEMS upon arrival in hospital (n = 142)
|
100 [98–100]
|
76 [NA]
|
98 [95–100]
|
100 [98–100]
|
100 [99–100]
|
.01
|
FiO2
|
Maintained at 1.0 [n,%]
|
26 [17.7]
|
0 [0]
|
6 [23.1]
|
2 [6.7]
|
18 [20]
|
.82
|
Downtitrated (0.8–0.2)
|
120 [81.6]
|
1 [100]
|
20 [66.9]
|
28 [93.3]
|
71 [78.9]
| |
Unknown
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1 [1.1]
| |
ABGA results
|
PaO2 [median, IQR]
|
36.7 [18.5–52.2]
|
7.9 [NA]
|
13.8 [11.1–14.9]
|
19.5 [18.4–23.6]
|
46.3 [39.0–60.8]
|
< .001
|
PaCO2 [median, IQR]
|
6.1 [5.6–7.0]
|
9.0 [NA]
|
6.8 [5.9–7.5]
|
6.3 [5.8–7.1]
|
5.9 [5.3–6.5]
|
.016
|
pH [median, IQR]
|
7.3 [7.2–7.4]
|
7.14 [NA]
|
7.3 [7.2–7.4]
|
7.3 [7.2–7.3]
|
7.3 [7.3–7.4]
|
.002
|