Table 2 Baseline characteristics of the out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients
Variables | Good (n = 33) | Poor (n = 156) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
Male, n (%) | 22 (66.7%) | 90 (57.7%) | 0.214 |
Age, year | 62 (54–69) | 72 (55–83) | 0.023 |
Cause of cardiac arrest, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||
Intrinsic cause | |||
Cardiac | 29 (87.9%) | 48 (30.8%) | |
Cerebrovascular | 0 (0.0%) | 11 (7.1%) | |
Other | 3 (9.1%) | 51 (32.7%) | |
External cause | |||
Asphyxia | 1 (3.0%) | 27 (17.3%) | |
Neck hanging | 0 (0.0%) | 9 (5.8%) | |
Trauma | 0 (0.0%) | 7 (4.5%) | |
Other | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (1.9%) | |
Collapse at public space, n (%) | 17 (51.5%) | 51 (32.7%) | 0.032 |
Witness by bystander, n (%) | 27 (81.8%) | 100 (64.1%) | 0.046 |
CPR initiated by bystander, n (%) | 27 (81.8%) | 77 (49.4%) | < 0.001 |
Time records of EMS, min | |||
Time from calling EMS to arrival at the scene | 7 (6–8) | 7 (6–9) | 0.409 |
Time from arrival at the scene to departure from the scene | 14 (9–17) | 14 (11–17) | 0.403 |
Time from departure from the scene to arrival at the ED | 17 (5–20) | 12 (8–17) | 0.367 |
Primary ECG rhythm at the scene, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||
VF/pulseless VT | 22 (66.7%) | 31 (19.9%) | |
Pulseless electrical activity | 11 (33.3%) | 52 (33.3%) | |
Asystole | 0 (0%) | 73 (46.8%) | |
No flow time, min | 1 (1–1) | 1 (1–8) | 0.033 |
Low flow time, min | 16 (9–24) | 30 (20–45) | < 0.001 |
Blood gas analysis on arrival at the hospital | |||
pH | 7.225 (7.056–7.335) | 6.914 (6.729–7.045) | < 0.001 |
PaCO2 (mmHg) | 47.1 (38.6–60.0) | 78.4 (53.2–104.5) | < 0.001 |
PaO2 (mmHg) | 169.0 (101.0–282.0) | 122.0 (59.0–342.5) | 0.129 |
HCO3 (mmol/L) | 18.0 (15.5–21.4) | 15.6 (12.6–19.3) | 0.009 |
Lactate (mmol/L) | 7.0 (4.6–12.6) | 11.8 (9.4–15.0) | < 0.001 |
Laboratory data on arrival at the ED | |||
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 12.8 (11.2–14.6) | 11.6 (10.2–13.2) | 0.002 |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.9 (0.8–1.0) | 1.0 (0.8–1.5) | 0.013 |
Serum albumin (g/dL) | 3.7 (3.3–4.0) | 3.1 (2.7–3.5) | < 0.001 |
Comorbid chronic kidney disease, n (%) | 1 (3.0%) | 15 (9.6%) | 0.194 |
Adrenaline dosage until arrival at the hospital (mg) | 0 (0–1) | 1 (1–2) | < 0.001 |
CPR by V-A ECMO, n (%) | 7 (21.2%) | 17 (10.1%) | 0.216 |
Motor response score of the GCS in the ED after ROSC | 1 (1–4) | 1 (1–1) | < 0.001 |
Therapeutic hypothermia, n (%) | 17 (51.5%) | 83 (53.2%) | 0.395 |