|
Male, n (%)
|
22 (66.7%)
|
90 (57.7%)
|
0.214
|
|
Age, year
|
62 (54–69)
|
72 (55–83)
|
0.023
|
|
Cause of cardiac arrest, n (%)
| | |
< 0.001
|
|
Intrinsic cause
| | | |
|
Cardiac
|
29 (87.9%)
|
48 (30.8%)
| |
|
Cerebrovascular
|
0 (0.0%)
|
11 (7.1%)
| |
|
Other
|
3 (9.1%)
|
51 (32.7%)
| |
|
External cause
| | | |
|
Asphyxia
|
1 (3.0%)
|
27 (17.3%)
| |
|
Neck hanging
|
0 (0.0%)
|
9 (5.8%)
| |
|
Trauma
|
0 (0.0%)
|
7 (4.5%)
| |
|
Other
|
0 (0.0%)
|
3 (1.9%)
| |
|
Collapse at public space, n (%)
|
17 (51.5%)
|
51 (32.7%)
|
0.032
|
|
Witness by bystander, n (%)
|
27 (81.8%)
|
100 (64.1%)
|
0.046
|
|
CPR initiated by bystander, n (%)
|
27 (81.8%)
|
77 (49.4%)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Time records of EMS, min
| | | |
|
Time from calling EMS to arrival at the scene
|
7 (6–8)
|
7 (6–9)
|
0.409
|
|
Time from arrival at the scene to departure from the scene
|
14 (9–17)
|
14 (11–17)
|
0.403
|
|
Time from departure from the scene to arrival at the ED
|
17 (5–20)
|
12 (8–17)
|
0.367
|
|
Primary ECG rhythm at the scene, n (%)
| | |
< 0.001
|
|
VF/pulseless VT
|
22 (66.7%)
|
31 (19.9%)
| |
|
Pulseless electrical activity
|
11 (33.3%)
|
52 (33.3%)
| |
|
Asystole
|
0 (0%)
|
73 (46.8%)
| |
|
No flow time, min
|
1 (1–1)
|
1 (1–8)
|
0.033
|
|
Low flow time, min
|
16 (9–24)
|
30 (20–45)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Blood gas analysis on arrival at the hospital
| | | |
|
pH
|
7.225 (7.056–7.335)
|
6.914 (6.729–7.045)
|
< 0.001
|
|
PaCO2 (mmHg)
|
47.1 (38.6–60.0)
|
78.4 (53.2–104.5)
|
< 0.001
|
|
PaO2 (mmHg)
|
169.0 (101.0–282.0)
|
122.0 (59.0–342.5)
|
0.129
|
|
HCO3 (mmol/L)
|
18.0 (15.5–21.4)
|
15.6 (12.6–19.3)
|
0.009
|
|
Lactate (mmol/L)
|
7.0 (4.6–12.6)
|
11.8 (9.4–15.0)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Laboratory data on arrival at the ED
| | | |
|
Hemoglobin (g/dL)
|
12.8 (11.2–14.6)
|
11.6 (10.2–13.2)
|
0.002
|
|
Creatinine (mg/dL)
|
0.9 (0.8–1.0)
|
1.0 (0.8–1.5)
|
0.013
|
|
Serum albumin (g/dL)
|
3.7 (3.3–4.0)
|
3.1 (2.7–3.5)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Comorbid chronic kidney disease, n (%)
|
1 (3.0%)
|
15 (9.6%)
|
0.194
|
|
Adrenaline dosage until arrival at the hospital (mg)
|
0 (0–1)
|
1 (1–2)
|
< 0.001
|
|
CPR by V-A ECMO, n (%)
|
7 (21.2%)
|
17 (10.1%)
|
0.216
|
|
Motor response score of the GCS in the ED after ROSC
|
1 (1–4)
|
1 (1–1)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Therapeutic hypothermia, n (%)
|
17 (51.5%)
|
83 (53.2%)
|
0.395
|
