The role of cervical collars and verbal instructions in minimising spinal movement during self-extrication following a motor vehicle collision - a biomechanical study using healthy volunteers

Table 3 Means, standard deviations and p values

	With instruction no collar		With instruction with collar			No instruction no collar			No instruction with collar
	MEAN	STDEV	MEAN	STDEV	Significance (p)	MEAN	STDEV	Significance (p)	MEAN	STDEV	Significance (p)
Cervical A/P [mm]	22.5	5.1	*7.0*	*2.7*	*< 0.001*	28.3	6.9	< 0.001	*7.0*	*4.2*	*< 0.001*
Cervical Lat [mm]	18.5	6.3	6.3	2.1	< 0.001	17.0	4.6	0.02	*4.4*	*1.9*	*< 0.001*
Cervical roll [^O]	33.9	13.0	10.8	4.0	0.2	33.3	17.5	0.36	9.8	8.4	0.15
Cervical pitch [^O]	42.7	9.2	13.2	5.3	< 0.001	50.5	13.4	< 0.001	*13.0*	*7.3*	*< 0.001*
Cervical yaw [^O]	49.3	20.3	15.0	9.0	< 0.001	54.6	19.3	0.061	*9.5*	*5.0*	*< 0.001*
Lumbar A/P [mm]	153.5	35.2	135.8	35.3	< 0.001	122.4	27.7	< 0.001	*122.0*	*19.1*	*< 0.001*
Lumbar Lat [mm]	101.1	22.5	102.5	35.4	0.54	75.7	28.0	< 0.001	*72.5*	*27.4*	*< 0.001*
Lumbar roll [^O]	33.0	6.4	36.3	13.3	0.012	*29.0*	*10.2*	*0.001*	32.3	13.0	0.64
Lumbar pitch [^O]	49.1	9.6	43.0	10.9	< 0.001	39.7	9.3	< 0.001	*39.1*	*7.7*	*< 0.001*
Lumbar yaw [^O]	46.9	11.5	50.0	17.2	0.46	*31.0*	*7.8*	*< 0.001*	33.7	10.9	*< 0.001*

Bold italics = extrication values with statistically significant smallest movement

ISSN: 1757-7241