PTSD + n = 6 | PTSD - n = 49 | p-value* | |
---|---|---|---|
Patient characteristics | |||
Age, mean ± SD | 36.8 ± 13.8 | 36.2 ± 11.5 | 0.59 |
Men, n (%) | 4 (66.7) | 41 (83.7) | 0.30 |
Profession related to the mountains, n (%) | 2 (33.3) | 19 (38.8) | 0.99 |
Family situation, n (%) | |||
Surrounded | 4 (66.7) | 33 (67.3) | 0.99 |
Isolated | 2 (33.3) | 16 (32.7) | |
Psychiatric history, n (%) | 0 (0) | 5 (10.2) | 0.99 |
Avalanche history, n (%) | 1 (16.7) | 7 (14.3) | 0.99 |
Other mountain accident, n (%) | 4 (66.7) | 17 (34.7) | 0.19 |
Other trauma, n (%) | 2 (33.3) | 12 (24.5) | 0.64 |
Avalanche characteristics | |||
Time since the avalanche, mean in month ± SD | 31.8 ± 15.6 | 27.3 ± 14.3 | 0.41 |
Multiples involved victims, n (%) | 4 (66.7) | 27 (55.1) | 0.69 |
Death in the avalanche, n (%) | 0 (0) | 6 (12.2) | 0.99 |
Burial, n (%) | |||
Complete | 5 (83.3) | 14 (28.6) | 0.02 |
Depth**, mean in meter ± SD | 0.77 ± 0.25 | 0.93 ± 0.69 | 0.73 |
Time**, mean in minute ± SD | 7.33 ± 2.52 | 12.58 ± 9.55 | 0.45 |
Activity during the avalanche, n (%) | |||
Alpine skiing | 2 (33.3) | 1 (2.0) | 0.03 |
Alpine off-piste skiing | 2 (33.3) | 20 (40.8) | 0.99 |
Touring skiing | 2 (33.3) | 25 (51.0) | 0.67 |
Alpinism | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.0) | 0.99 |
Hiking (with or without snowshoe) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.0) | 0.99 |
Unknown | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.0) | 0.99 |
Clinical consequences and medical management | |||
Trauma lesion, n (%) | 5 (83.3) | 37 (75.5) | 0.99 |
ISS, n (%) ≥ 15 | 1 (16.7) | 10 (20.4) | 0.99 |
Loss of consciousness, n (%) | 2 (33.3) | 9 (18.4) | 0.59 |
Pain management, n (%) | |||
Opioids | 1 (16.7) | 15 (31.9) | 0.65 |
Ketamine | 1 (16.7) | 8 (17.0) | 0.99 |
Intubation, n (%) | 2 (33.3) | 2 (4.1) | 0.06 |
ICU, n (%) | 2 (33.3) | 7 (14.3) | 0.25 |
Benzodiazepines, n (%) | 1 (16.7) | 3 (6.1) | 0.37 |
Patient’s outcomes | |||
Exit***, n (%) | |||
Home | 3 (75.0) | 44 (91.7) | 0.34 |
Rehabilitation | 1 (25.0) | 4 (8.3) | |
Incomplete recovery, n (%) | 1 (16.7) | 15 (30.6) | 0.66 |