Table 2 Sampling time and biomarker concentrations in prehospital and in-hospital blood samples from mild TBI patients

Time from trauma to sampling min., median (IQR)

45 (27;84)

108 (85;149)

< 0.001*

S100B μg/L, mean (95%CI)

0.29 (0.26;0.32)

0.17 (0.16;0.18)

< 0.001**

S100B ≥0.10 μg/L, n/N (%)

484/566 (85.5)

398/566 (70.0)

–

S100B < 0.10 μg/L, n/N (%)

82/566 (14.5)

168/566 (30.0)

–

Lowest S100B concentration in patient with intracranial lesion, μg/L

0.13

0.10

–

GFAP ng/mL, range

0.50–1.78

0.50–2.34

–

GFAP, ≥0.045 ng/mL, n/N (%)

6/566 (1.0)

9/566 (1.6)

–

GFAP, < 0.045 ng/mL, n/N (%)

560/566 (99.0)

557/566 (98.4)

–

Hemolysis Index, mean (95%CI)

0.21 (0.20;0.23)

0.054 (0.050;0.058)

< 0.001**