Author, year of publication | Study period | Location | Study design | Data source / name of registry | Population/ Inclusion criteria | Dispatcher protocol | Quality, NOS score |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chang et al., 2018 [37] | 01.2012–12.2015 | Korea, nationwide | Retrospective cohort study | Korean National OHCA Registry, EMS run sheets for ambulance information & EMS cardiac arrest and dispatcher CPR registries. | Paediatric (≤18yo). Excluded: If no EMS resuscitation effort; if missing information on bystander CPR or neurological outcome. | Pediatric BLS, including ventilations < 9 years of age. | 7 (Selection 4; Comparability 0; Outcome 3) |
Eisenberg et al., 1985 [17] | 05.1981–12.1982 | USA, Washington, King County | Before-after study | Database of King County Emergency Services Division, medical records & telephone recordings. | Non-specified age; cardiac etiology. | Standard BLS starting with ventilations. | 8 (Selection 4; Comparability 1; Outcome 3) |
Goto et al., 2014 [38] | 01.2008–12.2012 | Japan, nationwide | Retrospective cohort study | Fire and Disaster Management Agency’s (FDMA) nationwide registry. | Paediatric (< 18 yo). | Compression only. Standard BLS to trained bystander. | 7 (Selection 4; Comparability 0; Outcome 3) |
Harjanto et al., 2016 [39] | 04.2010–02.2013 | Singapore | Before-after study | PAROS (Pan Asian Resuscitation Outcomes Study), telephone recordings, EMS- and patient records. | Non-specified age; cardiac etiology. Excluded: If a DNR order existed. | Compression only. Standard BLS if suspected hypoxia. | 8 (Selection 4; Comparability 1; Outcome 3) |
Hasselqvist et al., 2015 [7] | 01.1990–12.2011 | Sweden, nationwide | Retrospective cohort study | Swedish Cardiac Arrest Registry. | Non-specified age; witnessed arrest. | Instructions changed during study period. | 8 (Selection 4; Comparability 1; Outcome 3) |
Hiltunen et al., 2015 [40] | 03.2010–08.2010 | Finland, southern and eastern regions | Prospective cohort study | EMS registry with dispatch and EMS reports, The Finnish Population Information System & National Institute of Health and Welfare. | Non-specified age; witnessed arrest; shockable rhythm; arrest recognized by the dispatcher. | Compression only. Standard BLS if suspected hypoxia. | 9 (Selection 4; Comparability 2; Outcome 3) |
Kuisma et al., 2005 [41] | 01.1997–12.2002 | Finland, Helsinki | Retrospective cohort study | EMS cardiac arrest registry. | Non-specified age; witnessed arrest; cardiac etiology; ventricular fibrillation. | From 2000 compression only. Standard BLS if suspected hypoxia. | 9 (Selection 4; Comparability 2; Outcome 3) |
Lewis et al., 2013 [42] | 01.2011–12.2011 | USA, Washington, King County | Retrospective cohort study | King County EMS Department records. | Adults; cardiac arrest recognised by dispatcher. Excluded: If traumatic etiology; if arrest in a medical facility; if emergency call handled by a nonparticipating dispatch center. | Compression only. | 8 (Selection 4; Comparability 1; Outcome 3) |
Oman et al., 2016 [43] | 01.2011–12.2012 | Ireland, regional centre | Retrospective cohort study | OHCAR (Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Registry). | Adult and paediatric; bystander next to the patient. | Not specified. | 7 (Selection 4; Comparability 0; Outcome 3) |
Park et al., 2018 [44] | 01.2012–12.2015 | Korea, nationwide | Retrospective cohort study | EMS cardiac arrest & dispatcher CPR registry. | Adult; cardiac etiology. Excluded: If no EMS resuscitation effort; if missing information on neurological outcome at discharge. | Compression only. | 8 (Selection 4; Comparability 1; Outcome 3) |
Rea et al., 2001 [25] | 1983–2000 | USA, Washington, King County | Retrospective cohort study | Database of King County Emergency Services Division & patient records. | Adult; cardiac etiology. | Standard BLS starting with ventilations. | 9 (Selection 4; Comparability 1; Outcome 3) |
Shibahashi et al. 2019 [45] | 01.2010–12.2016 | Japan, nationwide | Retrospective cohort study | Fire and Disaster Management Agency’s (FDMA) nationwide registry. | Adult. Excluded: if transported by a physician-manned ambulance; if resuscitation was not attempted; if missing outcomes. | Not specified. | 6 (Selection 4; Comparability 0; Outcome 2) |
Viereck et al., 2017 [46] | 01.2013–12.2013 | Denmark, capital region | Retrospective cohort study | Danish Cardiac Arrest Registry, the Mobile Critical Care Unit database & Danish Civil Registration System. | Non-specified age; bystander CPR provided; EMS treated. Excluded: If missing information on or time for initiation of bystander CPR; if missing emergency call record. | Compression only. Standard BLS if trained bystander. | 7 (Selection 4; Comparability 0; Outcome 3) |
Wu et al., 2018 [47] | 01.2011–12.2014 | USA, Arizona | Retrospective cohort study | Save Hearts in Arizona Registry and Education (SHARE) Program. | Adult; cardiac etiology. Excluded: if arrest in medical facility; if a DNR order existed; if EMS witnessed, if missing emergency call record; if call was transferred from another agency. | Compression only. | 8 (Selection 4; Comparability 1; Outcome 3) |