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Table 3 Diagnostic accuracy of emergency physicians´ 4 h presumptive diagnoses compared to final diagnoses

From: Point-of-care ultrasound of the heart and lungs in patients with respiratory failure: a pragmatic randomized controlled multicenter trial

Diagnoses

Final diagnosis positive / 4 h positive

Sensitivity% (95% CI)

Specificity% (95% CI)

PPV

% (95% CI)

NPV

% (95% CI)

Interv.

Control

Interv.

Control

Interv.

Control

Interv.

Control

Interv.

Control

COPD with exacerbation

27/29

28/24

89 (71–98)

75 (55–89)

94 (86–98)

96 (89–99)

83 (64–94)

88 (68–97)

96 (89–99)

91 (83–97)

Asthma with exacerbation

2/2

3/3

0 (0–84)

67 (9–99)

98 (93–100)

99 (94–100)

0 (0–84)

67 (9–99)

98 (93–100)

99 (94–100)

Interstitial lung disease

3/1

5/2

33 (1–91)

0 (0–52)

100 (97–100)

98 (93–100)

100 (3–100)

0 (0–84)

98 (93–100)

95 (88–98)

Pneumonia

26/34

34/40

89 (70–98)

88 (73–97)

86 (77–93)

86 (76–93)

68 (50–83)

75 (59–87)

96 (88–99)

94 (85–98)

Pulmonary edema

17/10

6/4

53 (28–77)

33 (4–78)

99 (94–100)

98 (93–100)

90 (56–100)

50 (7–93)

92 (84–96)

96 (90–99)

Para-pneumonic effusion

14/14

14/7

71 (42–92)

36 (13–65)

96 (89–99)

98 (92–100)

71 (42–92)

71 (29–96)

96 (89–99)

91 (83–96)

Pleural empyemaa

1/0

0/0

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Pulmonary embolism

3/11

2/7

100 (29–100)

100 (16–100)

92 (85–97)

96 (89–98)

27 (6–61)

29 (4–71)

100 (96–100)

100 (96–100)

Pneumothoraxa

0/0

1/3

–

100 (3–100)

–

98 (93–100)

–

33 (1–91)

–

100 (96–100)

Systolic heart failure

17/16

22/18

77 (50–93)

59 (36–79)

97 (91–99)

94 (87–98)

81 (54–96)

72 (47–90)

95 (89–99)

90 (81–95)

Non-systolic heart failure

5/6

1/2

60 (15–95)

100 (3–100)

97 (92–99)

99 (95–100)

50 (12–88)

50 (1–99)

98 (93–100)

100 (97–100)

Acute myocardial infarction

1/2

2/9

0 (0–98)

50 (1–99)

98 (93–100)

92 (85–97)

0 (0–84)

11 (0–48)

99 (95–100)

99 (94–100)

Anemia

5/1

6/1

20 (1–72)

0 (0–46)

100 (96–100)

99 (95–100)

100 (3–100)

0 (0–98)

96 (91–99)

94 (88–98)

Malignancy

8/2

19/7

25 (3–65)

26 (9–51)

94 (96–100)

98 (92–100)

100 (16–100)

71 (29–96)

94 (88–98)

86 (77–92)

Other diagnoses

33/29

35/31

58 (39–75)

60 (42–76)

86 (76–93)

86 (75–93)

66(46–82)

68 (49–83)

83(71–90)

81 (70–89)

  1. Intention to treat population
  2. Intervention (n = 106), control (n = 105)
  3. Abbreviation: Interv Intervention
  4. aToo few ratings to perform diagnostic accuracy calculations