Table 1 First-pass success and overall time to intubation in various subgroups
n (%) | FPS [%] | overall intubation time, median (range) [s] | |
|---|---|---|---|
Predictors of difficult airway management | |||
•Difficult airway characteristics* | 163 (38.1) | 87.1 | 34 (12 to 305) |
•Facial trauma/facial burns | 63 (14.7) | 87.3 | 32 (13 to 148) |
•Obesity** | 123 (28.7) | 88.6 | 31 (12 to 235) |
Location | |||
•indoors, ambulance car | 250 (60.4) | 92.8 | 30 (11 to 165) |
•street, woods, public places, alpine environment | 142 (34.3) | 81.7‡ | 33 (12 to 305) |
•snow, ski slope, glacier | 22 (5.3) | 72.7 | 30 (16 to 91) |
Patient positioning | |||
•lying on the ground | 237 (55.4) | 84.0† | 33 (11 to 305) |
•elevated (on a stretcher, bed etc.) | 182 (42.5) | 92.9 | 29 (12 to 471) |
Indication | |||
•trauma | 132 (30.8) | 86.4 | 30 (12 to 149) |
•non-trauma | 96 (22.4) | 93.3 | 29 (14 to 127) |
•cardiopulmonary resuscitation | 191 (44.6) | 84.8 | 32 (11 to 305) |
Environment | |||
•Rain/snowfall | 10 (2.3) | 100 | 30 (14 to 45) |
•Darkness | 39 (9.1) | 92.3 | 27 (12 to 65) |
•Direct solar irradiation | 109 (25.5) | 80.7† | 30 (12 to 172) |
Specific video laryngoscopic problems | |||
•Fogging | 106 (24.8) | 61.3‡ | 39 (12 to 305) |
•Blood | 65 (15.1) | 81.5† | 44 (14 to 149) |
•Vomit | 45 (10.5) | 91.1 | 37 (14 to 137) |
•Saliva | 76 (17.8) | 89.5 | 33 (12 to 235) |