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Table 1 Sonographic pathologies and diagnoses

From: Quality of focused thoracic ultrasound performed by emergency medical technicians and paramedics in a prehospital setting: a feasibility study

Sonographic finding

Diagnosis

More than two B-lines in more than two zones

Interstitial syndrome (e.g. cardiogenic pulmonary oedema, non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema, viral pneumonia, acute respiratory distress, ect.)

More than two B-lines in two zones or less

Focal B-lines (e.g. pneumonia)

Lung point

Definite pneumothorax

Absence of lung sliding without recognition of lung point

Possible pneumothorax

Hypoeccoic or hypereccoic fluid with or without septation

Pleural effusion (simple or complex)

above diaphragm

 

Consolidation

Larger: Pneumonia or atelectasis (compression or obstruction)

Minor: pneumonia, atelectasis (compression or obstruction), peripheral pulmonary embolisms, malignancy

Thickened or fragmented pleura

Thickened pleural (e.g. following pleural inflammation or

empyema, pleural plaques)

  1. The table presents the sonographic pathological findings and how there are interpretated