Table 3 Cardiac arrest characteristics of patients with severe respiratory failure with and without COVID-19
| Parameters |
All patients (n = 43) |
Severe respiratory failure no-COVID-19 (n = 31) |
Severe respiratory failure – COVID-19 (n = 12) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age, years median (IQR) | 65 (50–75) | 65 (50–77) | 65 (56–74) | 0.565 |
| Sex, male, n (%) | 34 (79) | 25 (81) | 9 (75) | 0.471 |
| BMI, kg/m2 median (IQR) | 27 (24–31) | 26 (24–30) | 28 (26–33) | 0.314 |
| Charlson comorbidity index, pts. median (IQR) | 3 (1.5–6) | 4 (2.5–6) | 2 (1–2) | 0.003 |
| Characteristics of respiratory failure | ||||
| Respiratory support (before CA) | ||||
| Non-invasive ventilation n (%) | 7 (16) | 3 (10) | 4 (33) | 0.125 |
| Mechanical ventilation n (%) | 22 (51) | 17 (55) | 5 (42) | 0.148 |
| Cause of respiratory failure (at CA) | ||||
| Pneumonia n (%) | 37 (86) | 25 (81) | 12 (100) | 0.001 |
| ARDS n (%) | 24 (56) | 12 (39) | 10 (83) | 0.000 |
| Horowitz index (PaO2/FiO2-ratio) | ||||
| Worst Horowitz index, mmHg, median (IQR) | 84 (57–148) | 90 (57–149) | 82 (59–107) | 0.503 |
| Horowitz index after CA, mmHg, median (IQR) | 97 (76–145) | 101 (78–152) | 89 (69–19) | 0.007 |
| ARDS Management | ||||
| Prone Positioning n (%) | 8 (19) | 2 (6) | 6 (50) | 0.437 |
| Neuromuscular Blockage n (%) | 6 (14) | 1 (3) | 5 (42) | 0.306 |
| Corticosteroids n (%) | 11 (26) | 4 (13) | 7 (58) | 0.563 |
| Inhaled Vasodilators n (%) | 9 (21) | 3 (10) | 6 (50) | 0.437 |
| Cardiac arrest Characteristics | ||||
| Location | 0.009 | |||
| ICU, n (%) | 37 (86) | 25 (81) | 12 (100) | |
| Non-ICU, n (%) | 6 (14) | 6 (19) | 0 (0) | |
| Initial Rhythm - Shockable (VT/VF), n (%) | 6 (14) | 6 (19) | 0 (0) | 0.255 |
| Sustained ROSC, n (%) | 40 (93) | 28 (90) | 12 (100) | 0.364 |
| Epinephrine – total dose, mg, median (IQR) | 1 (1–2) | 2 (1–2.5) | 1 (1–1.3) | 0.310 |
| Resuscitation time, min; median (IQR) | ||||
| No-Flow | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 1 |
| Total resuscitation time | 4 (1.8–8.5) | 5 (2–10) | 1.5 (0.5–3.5) | 0.008 |
| Targeted temperature management, n (%) | 10 (23) | 8 (26) | 2 (17) | 0.339 |
| E-CPR, n (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 |
| ICU – Characteristics | ||||
| Severity of illness | ||||
| SAPS II (pts.) median (IQR) | 44 (36–52) | 42 (35–49) | 50 (40–56) | 0.485 |
| SOFA – after CA (pts.) median (IQR) | 14 (12–16) | 14 (12–17) | 15 (13–16) | 0.202 |
| SOFA – 24 h after CA (pts.) median (IQR) | 13 (11–16) | 13 (11–15) | 14 (10–16) | 0.145 |
| Lab values – post CA median (IQR) | ||||
| Lactate – highest after CA, mmol/l | 4.6 (1.6–8.5) | 4.8 (1.5–10) | 4.2 (3.1–4.8) | 0.765 |
| pH – lowest after CA | 7.21 (7.15–7.32) | 7.22 (7.06–7.32) | 7.2 (7.19–7.3) | 0.889 |
| Procedures/Complications – post CA | ||||
| Vasopressor therapy, n (%) | 40 (93) | 29 (94) | 11 (92) | 0.505 |
| Renal replacement therapy, n (%) | 22 (51) | 12 (39) | 10 (83) | 0.009 |
| Coronary angiography, n (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 |
| Hypoxic liver injury, n (%) | 11 (26) | 7 (23) | 4 (33) | 0.201 |
| Cholestasis – bilirubin > 2 mg/dl, n (%) | 15 (58) | 10 (32) | 5 (42) | 0.190 |