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Table 4 Process mapping variables

From: Template for documenting and reporting data in physician-staffed pre-hospital services: a consensus-based update

Data variable number

Main data variable name

Type of data

Data variable categories or values

Data variable sub-categories or values

Type

Definition of data variable

How often should variable be reported

4. Process mapping

4.1.

Diagnosis and monitoring procedures

Categorical

4.1.1 Blood pressure

4.1.1.1 Non-invasive

Check box

Monitoring used and procedures performed by p-EMS

For each mission

   

4.1.1.2 Invasive

   
   

4.1.1.3. Other

   
  

4.1.2. SpO2

    
  

4.1.3. EtCO2

  

Capnometry or capnography used

 
  

4.1.4. Temperature (core)

  

Temperature measured during mission

 
  

4.1.5. ECG

4.1.5.1. Monitoring (3 or 4-lead or pads)

   
   

4.1.5.2. Analysis (12-lead)

   
  

4.1.6. Ultrasound/Doppler

4.1.6.1. FAST

 

By p-EMS

 
   

4.1.6.2. Lung for pneumothorax

 

By p-EMS

 
  

4.1.7. Point of care (POC) blood gas analysis

  

By p-EMS

 
  

4.1.8. Other POC testing

  

By p-EMS

 
  

4.1.9. POC lab test

  

By p-EMS

 
  

4.1.10. Blood glucose

  

By p-EMS

 
  

4.1.11. Other

    
  

4.1.12. None

    

4.2.

Drugs used to facilitate airway management

Categorical

4.2.1. Sedatives

 

Check box

By p-EMS

For each mission

  

4.2.2. NMBA

    
  

4.2.3. Analgesics

    
  

4.2.4. Local/topic anaesthetics

    
  

4.2.5. Other

    
  

4.2.6. None

    

4.3.

Airway management

Categorical

4.3.1. Oxygen

 

Check box

Device or procedures used for successful airway management

For each mission

  

4.3.2. Manual

  

Chin-lift, jaw thrust, recovery position

 
  

4.3.3. Bag Mask Ventilation

    
  

4.3.4. Nasopharyngeal device

    
  

4.3.5. Oropharyngeal device

    
  

4.3.6. SAD 1. generation

  

Laryngeal mask with no mechanism for protection against aspiration

 
  

4.3.7. SAD 2. generation

  

Laryngeal mask with any aspiration protection mechanism

 
  

4.3.8. Oral ETI

    
  

4.3.9. Nasal ETI

    
  

4.3.10. Surgical airway

4.3.10.1. Mac-blade

   
   

4.3.10.2. Hyper angulated blade

   
  

4.3.11. Other

    
  

4.3.12. None

    

4.4.

Number of attempts to secure airway

Continuous

  

Number

Number of attempts needed before a definitive airway is in place by p-EMS

For each mission

4.5.

Breathing- related procedures

Categorical

  

Check box

Procedures performed by p-EMS

For each mission

  

4.5.1. Controlled manually

  

Breathing assistance using physician’s hands. Bag valve mask ventilation

 
  

4.5.2. Controlled mechanically

  

Use of technical respiratory support; ventilator, NIV

 
  

4.5.3. Needle decompression

    
  

4.5.4. Chest tube

    
  

4.5.5. Thoracostomy

    
  

4.5.6. Escharotomy

    
 

Continuous

4.5.7. FiO2

  

If patient is ventilated

 
 

Continuous

4.5.8. PEEP

  

If patient is ventilated

 
  

4.5.9. Other

    
  

4.5.10. None

    

4.6.

Circulation- related procedures

Categorical

4.6.1. Peripheral i.v. line

 

Check box

Procedures performed by p-EMS

For each mission

  

4.6.2. Intraosseous access

    
  

4.6.3. Central i.v. line

    
  

4.6.4. Arterial line

    
  

4.6.5. External pacing

    
  

4.6.6. Internal pacing

    
  

4.6.7. Defibrillation

    
  

4.6.8. Cardioversion

    
  

4.6.9. Volume replacement therapy (infusions) administered

 

Check box

Record if intention is to increase circulating volume. Do not record if intention is to “keep-line-open”

 
   

4.6.9.1. Colloids

   
   

4.6.9.2. Crystalloids

   
   

4.6.9.3. Blood products

   
  

4.6.10. Blood products administered

4.6.10.1. Whole blood

Check box

  
   

4.6.10.2. PRBC

   
   

4.6.10.3. Liquid plasma /fresh frozen plasma

   
   

4.6.10.4. Lyoplas

   
   

4.6.10.5. Other

   
 

Continuous

4.6.11. Amount of fluid administered

 

Number

Millilitres given by p-EMS

 
 

Categorical

4.6.12. Haemostatic dressing

4.6.12.1. Pressure bandage

Check box

  
   

4.6.12.2. Packing of wound

   
   

4.6.12.3. Tourniquet

   
   

4.6.12.4. Pelvic binder

   
  

4.6.13. Pericardiocentesis

    
  

4.6.14. Manual chest compressions

    
  

4.6.15. Mechanical chest compressions

    
  

4.6.16. Thoracotomy

4.6.16.1. Lateral

   
   

4.6.16.2. Clamshell

   
  

4.6.17. EVR

  

REBOA or other type of EVR

 
  

4.6.18. IABP

    
  

4.6.19. Other

    
  

4.6.20. None

    

4.7.

Disability- related procedures

Categorical

4.7.1. Fracture reduction

 

Check box

Procedures performed by p-EMS

For each mission

  

4.7.2. Fracture splinting

    
  

4.7.3. Spinal immobilization

    
  

4.7.4. Spinal protection

    
  

4.7.5. Therapeutic hypothermia

    
  

4.7.6. Thermal protection

    
  

4.7.7. Amputation

    
  

4.7.8. Other

    

4.8.

Other procedures

Categorical

4.8.1. General anaesthesia

 

Check box

Procedures performed by p-EMS

For each mission

  

4.8.2. Sedation

    
  

4.8.3. Regional anaesthesia

    
  

4.8.4. Incubator

    
  

4.8.5. NO given

    
  

4.8.6. ECMO

    
  

4.8.7. Resuscitative caesarean delivery/perimortem hysterotomy

    
  

4.8.8. Other

    
  

4.8.9. None

    

4.9.

Medications administered

Categorical

4.9.1. Opioids

 

Check box

Type of medication administered by p-EMS

For each mission

  

4.9.2. Analgesics except opioids

    
  

4.9.3. Anaesthetics

    
  

4.9.4. Antiarrhythmics

    
  

4.9.5. Antibiotics

    
  

4.9.6. Antidotes

    
  

4.9.7. Antiemetics

    
  

4.9.8. Antiepileptic

    
  

4.9.9. Antihypertensive

    
  

4.9.10. Bronchodilators

    
  

4.9.11. Diuretic

    
  

4.9.12. Electrolytes

    
  

4.9.13. Fluids (not for keep-line open)

    
  

4.9.14. NMBA

    
  

4.9.15. Procoagulant

    
  

4.9.16. Fibrinolytic

    
  

4.9.17. Sedatives

    
  

4.9.18. Steroids

    
  

4.9.19. Thrombolytics

    
  

4.9.20. Vasoactive

    
  

4.9.21. Tranexamic acid

    
  

4.9.22. Other

    
  

4.9.23. None

    

4.10.

Hospital pre-alert done

Categorical

4.10.1. Yes

 

Bullet list

Physician has informed receiving hospital of patient state before arriving at the emergency room

For each mission

  

4.10.2. No

    
  1. SpO2 Peripheral capillary oxygen saturation, EtCO2 End-tidal carbon dioxide, ECG Electrocardiogram FAST- Focused assessment with sonography for trauma, p-EMS Physician-staffed emergency medical services, POC Point of care, NMBA Neuromuscular blocking agent, ETI Endotracheal Intubation, SAD Supraglottic airway device, NIV Non-invasive ventilation, FiO2 Fraction of inspired oxygen, PEEP Positive end-expiratory pressure, i.v intra venous, PRBC Packed red blood cells, REBOA Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta, EVR Endovascular resuscitation, IABP Intra-aortic balloon pump, NO Nitric oxide, ECMO Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation