Table 2 Diagnostic accuracy of test methods. Agreement between LVOT VTI and test methods in identifying fluid responders is displayed using Cohen’s kappa values. The agreement was poor to null across the above four methods. FR: fluid responders, NR: fluid non-responders, LVOT VTI: left ventricular outflow tract velocity time integral, CCABF: common carotid artery blood flow, SSAD: suprasternal aortic Doppler, PVUT: plethysmography with vascular unloading technique, IVCCI: inferior vena cava collapsibility index
From: Emergency department non-invasive cardiac output study (EDNICO): an accuracy study
| Â | LVOT VTI FR | LVOT VTI NR |
|---|---|---|
Total | 20 | 13 |
CCABF FR | 9 | 7 |
CCABF NR | 11 | 6 |
Specificity | 46.2% (95% CI: 19.2–74.9%) | |
Sensitivity | 45% (95% CI: 23.1–68.5%) | |
Kappa | −0.0839 | |
Total | 19 | 13 |
SSAD FR | 12 | 5 |
SSAD NR | 7 | 8 |
Specificity | 61.5% (95% CI: 31.6–86.1%) | |
Sensitivity | 63.2% (95% CI: 38.4–83.7%) | |
Kappa | 0.2411 | |
Total | 20 | 13 |
Bioreactance FR | 10 | 7 |
Bioreactance NR | 10 | 6 |
Specificity | 46.2% (95% CI:19.2–74.9%) | |
Sensitivity | 50% (95% CI: 27.2–72.8%) | |
Kappa | −0.0370 | |
Total | 17 | 12 |
PVUT FR | 7 | 6 |
PVUT NR | 10 | 6 |
Specificity | 50% (95% CI: 21.1–78.9%) | |
Sensitivity | 41.2% (95% CI: 18.4–67.1%) | |
Kappa | −0.0841 | |
Total | 19 | 11 |
IVCCI FR | 9 | 4 |
IVCCI NR | 10 | 7 |
Specificity | 63.6% (95% CI: 30.8–89.1%) | |
Sensitivity | 47.4% (95% CI: 24.4–71.1%) | |
Kappa | 0.0987 | |