Table 4 Association between patient-level ICP monitoring utilization and favorable functional outcome
Variables | Model 1 | Model 2 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Adjusted OR (95% CI) | P value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | P value | |
Treatment with ICP monitoring | 0.96 (0.57–1.59) | 0.863 | 1.08 (0.60–1.94) | 0.791 |
Age, per year | 0.94 (0.93–0.96) | < 0.001 | 0.94 (0.92–0.95) | < 0.001 |
Glasgow Coma Scale Motor score, per point | 1.52 (1.27–1.82) | < 0.001 | 1.41 (1.16–1.70) | < 0.001 |
Pupillary reflex | ||||
None | Reference | – | Reference | – |
One | 5.40 (2.15–13.60) | < 0.001 | 4.74 (1.79–12.50) | 0.002 |
Both | 9.59 (4.05–22.70) | < 0.001 | 7.26 (2.89–18.30) | < 0.001 |
Hypotension on admission | – | – | 0.31 (0.09–1.03) | 0.056 |
Marshall CT classification | – | – | ||
Diffuse injury I | – | – | Reference | – |
Diffuse injury II | – | – | 0.16 (0.01–4.81) | 0.294 |
Diffuse injury III | – | – | 0.05 (0.00–1.65) | 0.094 |
Diffuse injury IV | – | – | 0.11 (0.00–4.44) | 0.239 |
Evacuated mass | – | – | 0.11 (0.00–3.09) | 0.192 |
Non-evacuated mass | – | – | 0.11 (0.00–3.29) | 0.203 |
Injury Severity Score, per point | – | – | 0.95 (0.93–0.98) | < 0.001 |
Treatment at university hospitals | – | – | 1.01 (0.57–1.79) | 0.975 |