Why do infants need out-of-hospital emergency medical services? A retrospective, population-based study

Table 5 Proportions (%) of patients encountered at different times of day. Fisher’s test was used to compare the proportions of patients with and without each secondary outcome inside the time categories

	Time of the day
	6:00–14:00	14:00–22:00	22:00–6:00
% of all (N = 28) patients *with* PICU admissions	21.4%	60.7%	17.9%
% of all (N = 1682) patients without PICU admission	27.3%	44.6%	28.1%
	P = 0.26
% of all (N = 91) patients with medical state other than good upon arrival at ED	25.3%	44.0%	30.8%
% of all (N = 1619) patients with medical state good upon arrival at ED or ED care not required	27.3%	45.1%	27.6%
	P = 0.78
% of all (N = 386) patients with any medication or respiratory support given at ED	24.6%	38.6%	36.8%
% of all (N = 1324) patients without any medication or respiratory support given at ED	28.0%	46.7%	25.3%
	P < 0.01
% of all (N = 336) patients with hospitalization^a	21.7%	50.3%	28.0%
% of all (N = 1363) patients without hospitalization^a	28.6%	43.5%	27.9%
	P = 0.02
% of all (N = 18) patients with surgical procedures^b during the same visit^a	44.4%	55.6%	0.0%
% of all (N = 1692) patients without surgical procedures^b during the same visit^a	27.1%	44.7%	28.2%
	P = 0.01

ED Emergency department, PICU Pediatric intensive care unit
^aDuring the same hospital visit beginning within 72 h after initial EMS contact
^bExcluding minor procedures performed at the ED, e.g. insertion of a nasogastric tube

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