All patients N = 2625 | COVID-19 period N = 1005 | Non-COVID-19 period N = 1620 | p-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Times, mean ± SD, min | ||||
Time between T0 and MMT arrival | 22 ± 15 | 23 ± 18 | 22 ± 13 | 0.461 |
Time between T0 and intubation | 28 ± 13 | 28 ± 13 | 28 ± 13 | 0.568 |
Time between T0 and epinephrine | 26 ± 12 | 27 ± 13 | 26 ± 13 | 0.400 |
Time between T0 and ROSC or death | 42 ± 22 | 44 ± 24 | 42 ± 21 | 0.342 |
Resuscitation practices | ||||
First recorded cardiac rhythm, No./total (%) | 0.226 | |||
- Asystole | 2041/2618 (72.0) | 796/1003 (79.4) | 1245/1615 (77.1) | |
- VF/pulseless VT | 232/2618 (8.8) | 87/1003 (8.7) | 145/1615 (9.0) | |
- PEA | 206/2618 (7.8) | 78/1003 (7.8) | 128/1615 (7.9) | |
- ROSC due to BLS | 139/2618 (5.3) | 42/1003 (4.2) | 97/1615 (6.0) | |
ALS implemented, No./total (%) | 1891/2625 (72.0) | 676/1005 (67.3) | 1215/1620 (75.0) | < 0.001 |
Epinephrine injected, No./total (%) | 1720/2623 (65.6) | 620/1004 (61.8) | 1100/1619 (67.9) | 0.001 |
Total dose of epinephrine, mean ± SD, mg | 5 ± 4 | 5 ± 3 | 5 ± 4 | 0.189 |
Injection route, No./total (%) | < 0.001 | |||
- PIV | 1632/2625 (62.2) | 582/1005 (57.9) | 1050/1620 (64.8) | |
- IO | 199/2625 (7.6) | 71/1005 (7.1) | 128/1620 (7.9) | |
- Other | 16/2625 (0.6) | 8/1005 (0.8) | 8/1620 (0.5) | |
- None | 778/2625 (29.6) | 344/1005 (34.2) | 434/1620 (26.8) | |
Tracheal intubation, No./total (%) | 1738/2625 (66.2) | 619/1005 (61.6) | 1119/1620 (69.1) | < 0.001 |
Impossible intubation, No./total (%) | 46/1053 (4.4) | 15/375 (4.0) | 31/678 (4.6) | 0.754 |
Shock by AED, No./total (%) | 394/2625 (15.0) | 143/1005 (14.2) | 251/1620 (15.5) | 0.038 |