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Table 3 ALS characteristics

From: Assessment of changes in cardiopulmonary resuscitation practices and outcomes on 1005 victims of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest during the COVID-19 outbreak: registry-based study

 

All patients

N = 2625

COVID-19 period

N = 1005

Non-COVID-19 period

N = 1620

p-value

Times, mean ± SD, min

 Time between T0 and MMT arrival

22 ± 15

23 ± 18

22 ± 13

0.461

 Time between T0 and intubation

28 ± 13

28 ± 13

28 ± 13

0.568

 Time between T0 and epinephrine

26 ± 12

27 ± 13

26 ± 13

0.400

 Time between T0 and ROSC or death

42 ± 22

44 ± 24

42 ± 21

0.342

Resuscitation practices

First recorded cardiac rhythm, No./total (%)

0.226

- Asystole

2041/2618 (72.0)

796/1003 (79.4)

1245/1615 (77.1)

 

- VF/pulseless VT

232/2618 (8.8)

87/1003 (8.7)

145/1615 (9.0)

 

- PEA

206/2618 (7.8)

78/1003 (7.8)

128/1615 (7.9)

 

- ROSC due to BLS

139/2618 (5.3)

42/1003 (4.2)

97/1615 (6.0)

 

 ALS implemented, No./total (%)

1891/2625 (72.0)

676/1005 (67.3)

1215/1620 (75.0)

< 0.001

 Epinephrine injected, No./total (%)

1720/2623 (65.6)

620/1004 (61.8)

1100/1619 (67.9)

0.001

 Total dose of epinephrine, mean ± SD, mg

5 ± 4

5 ± 3

5 ± 4

0.189

Injection route, No./total (%)

< 0.001

- PIV

1632/2625 (62.2)

582/1005 (57.9)

1050/1620 (64.8)

 

- IO

199/2625 (7.6)

71/1005 (7.1)

128/1620 (7.9)

 

- Other

16/2625 (0.6)

8/1005 (0.8)

8/1620 (0.5)

 

- None

778/2625 (29.6)

344/1005 (34.2)

434/1620 (26.8)

 

 Tracheal intubation, No./total (%)

1738/2625 (66.2)

619/1005 (61.6)

1119/1620 (69.1)

< 0.001

 Impossible intubation, No./total (%)

46/1053 (4.4)

15/375 (4.0)

31/678 (4.6)

0.754

 Shock by AED, No./total (%)

394/2625 (15.0)

143/1005 (14.2)

251/1620 (15.5)

0.038

  1. Data are expressed as the number/total number (frequency %) for qualitative variables or mean ± standard deviation for quantitative variables
  2. MMT mobile medical team, ROSC return of spontaneous circulation, VF/pulseless VT ventricular fibrillation/pulseless tachycardia, PEA pulseless electrical activity, BLS basic life support, ALS advanced life support, PIV peripheral intravenous access, IO intraosseous, AED automated external defibrillator