Table 4 Patients’ characteristics, injury history, clinical findings and outcomes according to the cutaneous impact location with univariate analysis
Low risk group (N = 125) | Medium risk group (N = 151) | High risk group (N = 89) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years, SD) | 87.8 (7.9) | 85.7 (8.3) | 85.9 (9.3) | 0.28 |
Clinical Frailty scale (mean, SD) | 4.6 (1.6) | 4.7 (1.7) | 4.4 (1.6) | 0.98 |
Residence (n, %) | 0.22 | |||
Nursing home | 57 (45.6) | 55 (36.4) | 32 (35.9) | |
Home | 68 (54.4) | 96 (63.6) | 57 (64.1) | |
Medication (n, %) | ||||
Antiplatelet | 46 (28.8) | 58 (38.4) | 33 (37.1) | 0.96 |
Anticoagulant | 47 (37.6) | 50 (33.1) | 31 (34.8) | 0.74 |
Psychoactive drugs | 52 (41.6) | 57 (37.8) | 29 (32.6) | 0.41 |
Ground-level fall (n, %) | 0.31 | |||
Mechanical fall | 53 (42.4) | 73 (48.3) | 38 (42.7) | |
Unknow | 49 (39.2) | 54 (35.8) | 30 (33.7) | |
Faintness or vertigo | 9 (7.2) | 6 (4.0) | 11 (12.4) | |
Syncope | 3 (2.4) | 6 (4.0) | 3 (3.4) | |
Symptoms after injury (n, %) | ||||
Unknown | 18 (14.4) | 22 (14.6) | 6 (6.7) | 0.16 |
Amnesia | 20 (16.0) | 15 (9.9) | 13 (14.6) | 0.29 |
Headache | 13 (10.4) | 12 (7.9) | 10 (11.2) | 0.01 |
Loss of consciousness | 12 (9.6) | 6 (3.9) | 8 (9.0) | 0.14 |
Vomiting | 4 (3.2) | 1 (0.7) | 6 (6.7) | 0.03 |
Seizure | 0 | 1 (0.7) | 0 | 0.53 |
Clinical examination (n, %) | ||||
Glasgow score | 0.1 | |||
15 | 112 (89.6) | 132 (87.4) | 82 (92.1) | |
14 | 10 (8.0) | 19 (12.6) | 7 (7.9) | |
13 | 3 (2.4) | 0 | 0 | |
Wound requiring suture | 28 (22.4) | 68 (45.0) | 35 (39.3) | < 0.001 |
Hematoma | 38 (30.4) | 49 (32.5 | 32 (35.9) | 0.7 |
Cutaneous abrasion | 21 (18.8) | 34 (25.0) | 22 (26.2) | 0.38 |
Intracranial lesion (n, %) | 0.16 | |||
Subdural hematoma | 1 (0.8) | 2 (1.3) | 10 (11.2) | |
Subarachnoid hemorrhage | 0 | 6 (4.0) | 3 (3.4) | |
Intraparenchymal hematoma | 0 | 2 (1.3) | 2 (2.2) | |
Outcome (n, %) | 0.51 | |||
Hospitalization | 33 (26.4) | 42 (27.8) | 29 (32.6) | |
ICU | 1 (0.8) | 1 (0.7) | 0 |