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Table 3 Patient characteristics and admission lactate levels

From: Elevated admission lactate levels in the emergency department are associated with increased 30-day mortality in non-trauma critically ill patients

 

Admission lactate level category (mmol/l)

0.0–1.9

2.0–3.9

4.0–5.9

6.0–7.9

8.0–9.9

≥10

all

no. (%)

154 (29.4%)

146 (27.9%)

74 (14.1%)

43 (8.2%)

22 (4.2%)

84 (16.1%)

523 (100.0%)

Sepsis

15 (9.7%)

10 (6.8%)

12 (16.2%)

6 (14.0%)

1 (4.5%)

10 (11.9%)

54 (10.3%)

 Lower respiratory tract

9 (5.8%)

5 (3.4%)

4 (5.4%)

4 (9.3%)

0 (0.0%)

5 (6.0%)

27 (5.2%)

 Urinary tract infection

5 (3.2%)

3 (2.1%)

2 (2.7%)

2 (4.7%)

1 (4.5%)

0 (0.0%)

13 (2.5%)

 Intra-abdominal

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

2 (2.7%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

1 (1.2%)

3 (0.6%)

 Other

1 (0.6%)

2 (1.4%)

4 (5.4%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

4 (4.8%)

11 (2.1%)

Lung disease

36 (23.4%)

23 (15.8%)

11 (15.1%)

7 (16.3%)

3 (13.6%)

6 (7.1%)

86 (16.4%)

 COPD

15 (9.7%)

13 (8.9%)

4 (5.5%)

3 (7.0%)

2 (9.1%)

4 (4.8%)

41 (7.8%)

 Pneumonia

14 (9.1%)

0 (0.0%)

5 (6.8%)

4 (9.3%)

0 (0.0%)

1 (1.2%)

24 (4.6%)

 Pneumothorax

1 (0.6%)

1 (0.7%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

2 (0.4%)

 Bolus

1 (0.6%)

1 (0.7%)

1 (1.4%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

1 (1.2%)

4 (0.8%)

 Aspiration

1 (0.6%)

5 (3.4%)

1 (1.4%)

0 (0.0%)

1 (4.5%)

0 (0.0%)

8 (1.5%)

 Airway bleeding

4 (2.6%)

3 (2.1%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

7 (1.3%)

Neurological disease

63 (40.9%)

45 (30.8%)

20 (27.1%)

13 (30.2%)

6 (27.3%)

15 (17.9%)

162 (31.0%)

 Stroke

19 (12.3%)

10 (6.8%)

3 (4.1%)

0 (0.0%)

1 (4.5%)

0 (0.0%)

33 (6.3%)

 Seizure

1 (0.6%)

4 (2.7%)

8 (10.8%)

8 (18.6)

4 (18.2%)

9 (10.7%)

34 (6.5%)

 Intracerebral bleeding

18 (11.7%)

11 (7.5%)

4 (5.4%)

4 (9.3%)

0 (0.0%)

2 (2.4%)

39 (7.5%)

 Intoxication

20 (13.0%)

14 (9.6%)

2 (2.7%)

0 (0.0%)

1 (4.5%)

0 (0.0%)

37 (7.1%)

 Unconsciousnessa

5 (3.2%)

4 (2.7%)

2 (2.7%)

1 (2.3%)

0 (0.0%)

4 (4.8%)

16 (3.1%)

 Psychiatric disorder

0 (0.0%)

2 (1.4%)

1 (1.4%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

3 (0.6%)

Cardiovascular disease

32 (20.8%)

52 (35.6%)

26 (35.3%)

10 (23.2%)

10 (45.4%)

42 (50.0%)

172 (32.9%)

 Pulmonary edema

8 (5.2%)

10 (6.8%)

5 (6.8%)

1 (2.3%)

1 (4.5%)

0 (0.0%)

25 (4.8%)

 Congestive heart failure

9 (5.8%)

15 (10.3%)

6 (8.1%)

4 (9.3%)

2 (9.1%)

6 (7.1%)

42 (8.0%)

 arhythmia

0 (0.0%)

7 (4.8%)

2 (2.7%)

0 (0.0%)

1 (4.5%)

1 (1.2%)

11 (2.1%)

 Myocardial infarction

6 (3.9%)

13 (8.9%)

7 (9.5%)

4 (9.3%)

3 (13.6%)

13 (15.5%)

46 (8.8%)

 Pulmonary embolism

4 (2.6%)

6 (4.1%)

1 (1.4%)

0 (0.0%)

1 (4.5%)

12 (14.3%)

24 (4.6%)

 Aortic dissection

3 (1.9%)

1 (0.7%)

3 (4.1%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

7 (1.3%)

 Cardiac arrest, unknown reason

2 (1.3%)

0 (0.0%)

2 (2.7%)

1 (2.3%)

2 (9.1%)

10 (11.9%)

17 (3.3%)

Gastrointestinal disease

3 (1.9%)

8 (5.5%)

1 (1.4%)

3 (7.0%)

0 (0.0%)

6 (7.1%)

21 (4.0%)

 Lower GIB

0 (0.0%)

1 (0.7%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

1 (0.2%)

 Upper GIB

2 (1.3%)

5 (3.4%)

1 (1.4%)

3 (7.0%)

0 (0.0%)

5 (6.0%)

16 (3.1%)

 RAAA

1 (0.6%)

2 (1.4%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

1 (1.2%)

4 (0.8%)

Others

5 (3.2%)

8 (5.5%)

4 (5.5%)

4 (9.3%)

2 (9.1%)

5 (6.0%)

28 (5.4%)

 Drowning

1 (0.6%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

1 (2.3%)

0 (0.0%)

1 (1.2%)

3 (0.6%)

 Hyperthermia

0 (0.0%)

1 (0.7%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

1 (0.2%)

 Hypothermia

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

1 (1.4%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

1 (1.2%)

2 (0.4%)

 Exsiccosis

0 (0.0%)

1 (0.7%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

1 (4.5%)

0 (0.0%)

2 (0.4%)

 Renal failure

1 (0.6%)

2 (1.4%)

2 (2.7%)

0 (0.0%)

1 (4.5%)

1 (1.2%)

7 (1.3%)

 Other

3 (1.9%)

4 (2.7%)

1 (1.4%)

3 (7.0%)

0 (0.0%)

2 (1.4%)

13 (2.5%)

  1. Values as number (no.) and percentage (%), aunknown origin, GIB gastrointestinal bleeding, RAAA ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm