Severe disease (n = 15) | Less severe disease (n = 51) | p-value | |
---|---|---|---|
Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | ||
Age (years) | 75.8 (13.6) | 65.6 (16.4) | < 0.05 |
Clinical Frailty Scale score1 | 3.7 (2.4) | 3.0 (2.0) | 0.31 |
Charlson Comorbidity Index | 5.3 (3.9) | 2.9 (2.5) | < 0.05 |
Body mass index (kilograms/m2)2 | 23.4 (4.2) | 26.3 (4.2) | 0.09 |
Days of symptoms prior to admission | 6.9 (3.8) | 8.7 (5.0) | 0.15 |
n (%) | n (%) | ||
Male gender | 12 (80) | 26 (51) | < 0.05 |
Admitted from nursing home | 2 (13) | 2 (4) | 0.31 |
Current or previous smoking3 | 4 (27) | 14 (33) | 0.67 |
Clinical Frailty Scale score | 0.10 | ||
1–2 (fit) | 7 (47) | 24 (47) | |
3–4 (managing well or vulnerable) | 1 (7) | 15 (29) | |
≥ 5 (moderately or severely frail) | 7 (47) | 12 (24) | |
Charlson Comorbidity Index | 0.10 | ||
0–2 | 3 (20) | 25 (49) | |
3–5 | 7 (47) | 18 (35) | |
> 5 | 5 (33) | 8 (16) | |
Co-morbidities | |||
Hypertension | 4 (27) | 15 (29) | 0.84 |
Diabetes mellitus | 3 (20) | 5 (10) | 0.36 |
Cardiac conditions | 3 (20) | 8 (16) | 0.69 |
Chronic kidney disease | 2 (13) | 5 (10) | 0.70 |
Malignancy | 3 (20) | 6 (12) | 0.41 |
Asthma | 0 (0) | 7 (14) | 0.13 |
COPD4 | 4 (27) | 1 (2) | < 0.05 |
Others | 2 (13) | 9 (18) | 0.69 |
Symptoms | |||
Cough | 8 (53) | 32 (63) | 0.51 |
Dyspnoea | 13 (87) | 30 (59) | < 0.05 |
Fever | 10 (67) | 36 (71) | 0.77 |
Reduced general condition | 14 (93) | 39 (76) | 0.15 |
New confusion | 5 (33) | 6 (12) | < 0.05 |
Gastrointestinal | 5 (33) | 9 (18) | 0.19 |
Others | 1 (7) | 21 (41) | < 0.05 |