Missing N (%) | All patients N = 9458 | ground ambulance N = 5253 | helicopter N = 3524 | P Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean age (years) (SD) | 28 (0.3) | 39 (20) | 39 (20) | 38 (19) | 0.001 |
Sex male, N (%) | 4 (0) | 7281 (77) | 3977 (76) | 2768 (79) | 0.002 |
Penetrating injury, N (%) | 48 (0.5) | 569 (6) | 464 (9) | 82 (2) | <0.001 |
Circumstances, N (%) | 73 (0.8) | <0.001 | |||
Traffic accident | 4109 (44) | 3099 (59) | 705 (20) | ||
Gunshots | 148 (2) | 100 (2) | 38 (1) | ||
Stabbings | 363 (4) | 332 (6) | 22 (1) | ||
Falls | 3781 (40) | 1382 (26) | 2129 (61) | ||
Mountain sport accidentsa, N (%) | 72 (0.8) | 2685 (28) | 266 (5) | 2253 (64) | <0.001 |
Injury severity score (ISS) | 144 (1.5) | ||||
Mean (SD) | 16 (12) | 16 (12) | 16 (12) | <0.001 | |
≥ 16, N (%) | 4272 (46) | 2243 (43) | 1633 (47) | <0.001 | |
Haemorrhagic shock, N (%) | 175 (1.9) | 375 (4) | 218 (4) | 116 (3) | 0.116 |
Systolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg, N (%) | 176 (1.9) | 633 (7) | 321 (6) | 247 (7) | 0.236 |
Glasgow coma scale ≤8, N (%) | 128 (1.4) | 1179 (13) | 618 (12) | 411 (12) | 0.929 |
Severe traumatic brain injury, N (%) | 131 (1.4) | 1216 (13) | 677 (13) | 447 (13) | 0.730 |
Prehospital procedure | |||||
Intubation | 48 (0.5) | 1415 (15) | 751 (14) | 492 (14) | 0.742 |
Fluid resuscitation > 1000 mlb | 556 (5.9) | 1158 (13) | 644 (13) | 394 (12) | 0.251 |
Vasopressors | 333 (3.5) | 543 (6) | 280 (5) | 194 (6) | 0.620 |
Chest tube or thoracostomy | 334 (3.5) | 106 (1) | 60 (1) | 35 (1) | 0.548 |
Blood transfusion | 335 (3.5) | 129 (1) | 61 (1) | 50 (1) | 0.259 |