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Table 3 Characteristics of patients with and without a final diagnosis of IWs

From: Performance of pre-hospital evaluations in ruling out invasive chest stab wounds

 

IW

Superficial W

p**

(n = 95)

(n = 58)

No pre-hospital sign of IW, n (%)

25(26)

34(59)

< 0.01a

Correctly classified, n (%)

70(74)

34(59)

0.05a

AIS max, med [IQR,25–75%]

3[3–4]

1[1–3]

< 0.01b

ISS, med [IQR,25–75%]

9[9–16]

2[1–4]

< 0.01b

Pre-hospital Pulse: first (bpm), mean[95% CI]

97[92–102]

99[94–104]

0.52c

Pre-hospital Pulse: maximum (bpm), mean[95% CI]

101[97–106]

103[99–107]

0.23c

Pulse at hospital admission (bpm), mean[95% CI]

104[100–107]

97[93–101]

< 0.01c

Pre-hospital SBP: first (mmHg), mean[95% CI]

115[110–120]

125[119–130]

0.02c

Pre-hospital SBP: minimum (mmHg), med [IQR]

110[90–121]

121[100–131]

< 0.01b

SBP at hospital admission (mmHg), med [IQR]

126[110–140]

125[117–142]

0.40b

Pre-hospital RR first (/min), med [IQR]

20|18–25]

20[16–25]

0.74b

Pre-hospital RR: minimum (/min), med [IQR]

20[16–21]

20[18–25]

0.64b

RR at hospital admission (/min), med [IQR]

20[17–25]

18[15–21]

0.04b

Pre-hospital Hb level: first (g/L), mean[95% CI]

139[136–143]

144[140–148]

0.13c

Pre-hospital Hb level: Min (g/L), mean[95% CI]

135[131–139]

139[134–144]

0.1c

Hb level on admission (g/L), med [IQR]

131[122–146]

134[117–143]

0.26b

Pulse oximetry (%): first, med [IQR]

99[97–100]

99[98–100]

0.38b

Pulse oximetry at hospital admission (%), med [IQR]

99[98–100]

100[97–100]

0.07b

Location of wound

 Cardiac box, n (%)

60(63)

41(71)

0.34a

 Lateral zone, n (%)

25(26)

41(71)

0.995a

 Thoracoabdominal zone, n (%)

60(63)

32(55)

0.328a

 Posterior zone, n (%)

19(20)

18(31)

0.122a

 Supraclavicular zone, n

4

1

 

Number of wounds, med [IQR]

1 [1–2]

1[1–2]

0.5b

Extrathoracic wounds, n (%)

35(37)

29(50)

0.11a

 Abdominal woundsa, n (%)

13(17)

10(14)

0.55a

 Cervicofacial wounds, n (%)

14(18)

10(14)

0.68a

 Extremity wounds, n (%)

24(25)

21(36)

0.15a

  1. Definition: a thoracoabdominal wounds excluded; AIS Abbreviated Injury Scale, ISS Injury Severity Score, SBP Systolic Blood Pressure, RR Respiratory Rate, Hb Haemoglobin
  2. **: p-value for comparison between IWs and superficial wounds
  3. Statistical tests: b = chi-squared test;c = Mann-Witney U test; c = t test