From: Performance of pre-hospital evaluations in ruling out invasive chest stab wounds
Thoracic invasive wound | Injuries beyond the chest wall muscles (diaphragm, thoracic organs, or ribs) |
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Abdominal invasive wound | Intra-abdominal organs or diaphragm injuries |
All-type invasive wound | Thoracic or abdominal injuries |
Superficial wound | No injury beyond wall muscles |
No pre-hospital sign of an invasive wound | Normal vital signs, no drop in haemoglobin level, AND apparent superficial wound at physical examination performed by the MICA physician |
Pre-hospital signs of invasive wounds | Apparent invasive wound, drop in haemoglobin level, OR cardio-respiratory dysfunction |
Correctly classified wound | Pre-hospital suspicion of invasive wound concordant with the definitive diagnosis |
Stable patients | No organ dysfunction or drop in haemoglobin level |
Cardiovascular dysfunction | Pulse > 110 bpm or mean blood pressure < 60 mmHg |
Respiratory dysfunction | Respiratory rate > 25/min or pulse oximetry < 95% |
Life-saving surgery | A surgery performed for a potentially fatal organ injury |
Overtriage [14] | Rate of patients without any intervention |