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Table 4 In-hospital mortality (subgroup analysis)

From: Impact of rewarming rate on the mortality of patients with accidental hypothermia: analysis of data from the J-Point registry

 

All patients

Rewarming rate (°C/h)

Odds for trend

P for trend

(≥2.0)

(1.5–2.0)

(1.0–1.5)

(0.5–1.0)

(< 0.5)

n = 481

n = 57

N = 36

n = 104

n = 175

n = 109

Age category

 Adults aged 18–64 years

101

15

8

27

35

16

  

  In-hospital mortality

12 (11.9)

1 (6.7)

1 (12.5)

3 (11.1)

5 (14.3)

2 (12.5)

  

   Odds ratio (95% CI)

 

Reference

2.00 (0.11–37.0)

1.75 (0.17–18.5)

2.33 (0.25–21.9)

2.00 (0.16–24.7)

1.17 (0.71–1.95)

0.532

   Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)a

 

Reference

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

1.69 (0.87–3.30)

0.124

 Elderly patients aged ≥65 years

380

42

28

77

140

93

  

  In-hospital mortality (%)

91 (23.9)

10 (23.8)

3 (10.7)

12 (15.6)

30 (21.4)

36 (38.7)

  

   Odds ratio (95% CI)

 

Reference

0.38 (0.10–1.55)

0.59 (0.23–1.51)

0.87 (0.39–1.98)

2.02 (0.89–4.61)

1.33 (1.08–1.64)

0.008

   Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)a

 

Reference

0.68 (0.15–3.17)

0.83 (0.27–2.55)

1.49 (0.51–4.37)

3.68 (1.15–11.8)

1.53 (1.15–2.04)

0.004

Location

 Indoor

375

36

27

68

150

94

  

  In-hospital mortality (%)

94 (25.1)

10 (27.8)

3 (11.1)

13 (19.1)

32 (21.3)

36 (38.3)

  

   Odds ratio (95% CI)

 

Reference

0.33 (0.08–1.32)

0.62 (0.24–1.58)

0.71 (0.31–1.61)

1.61 (0.70–3.74)

1.25 (1.01–1.54)

0.039

   Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)b

 

Reference

0.55 (0.11–2.68)

0.89 (0.27–2.87)

1.03 (0.34–3.10)

2.48 (0.76–8.14)

1.36 (1.03–1.80)

0.033

 Outdoor

106

21

9

36

25

15

  

  In-hospital mortality (%)

9 (8.5)

1 (4.8)

1 (11.1)

2 (5.6)

3 (12.0)

2 (13.3)

  

   Odds ratio (95% CI)

 

Reference

2.50 (0.14–45.0)

1.18 (0.10–13.8)

2.73 (0.26–28.4)

3.08 (0.25–37.5)

1.32 (0.75–2.32)

0.330

   Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)b

 

Reference

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

1.98 (0.58–6.76)

0.273

Body temperature at arrival to the hospital

 Mild (≥32 °C)

163

10

5

27

60

61

  

  In-hospital mortality (%)

32 (19.6)

0 (0.0)

1 (20.0)

3 (11.1)

6 (10.0)

22 (36.1)

  

   Odds ratio (95% CI)

 

Reference

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

2.43 (1.38–4.25)

0.002

   Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)c

 

Reference

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

2.21 (1.15–4.25)

0.017

 Moderate (28–32 °C)

216

15

16

48

92

45

  

   In-hospital mortality (%)

45 (20.8)

2 (13.3)

1 (6.2)

6 (12.5)

21 (22.8)

15 (33.3)

  

   Odds ratio (95% CI)

 

Reference

0.43 (0.04–5.35)

0.93 (0.17–5.17)

1.92 (0.40–9.21)

3.25 (0.65–16.3)

1.62 (1.13–2.32)

0.009

   Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)c

 

Reference

0.79 (0.05–11.9)

0.82 (0.12–5.62)

1.69 (0.28–10.2)

2.86 (0.43–18.9)

1.48 (0.96–2.28)

0.078

 Severe (< 28 °C)

102

32

15

29

23

3

  

  In-hospital mortality (%)

26 (25.5)

9 (28.1)

2 (13.3)

6 (20.7)

8 (34.8)

1 (33.3)

  

   Odds ratio (95% CI)

 

Reference

0.39 (0.07–2.10)

0.67 (0.20–2.18)

1.36 (0.43–4.32)

1.28 (0.10–15.9)

1.10 (0.76–1.58)

0.612

   Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)c

 

Reference

0.49 (0.07–3.44)

0.58 (0.12–2.90)

1.18 (0.23–6.08)

2.44 (0.13–47.5)

1.17 (0.71–1.93)

0.548

Associated condition

 Patients with internal disease etiology

248

23

13

51

89

72

  

  In-hospital mortality (%)

71 (28.6)

5 (21.7)

3 (23.1)

12 (23.5)

22 (24.7)

29 (40.3)

  

   Odds ratio (95% CI)

 

Reference

1.08 (0.21–5.49)

1.11 (0.34–3.62)

1.18 (0.39–3.56)

2.43 (0.81–7.27)

1.29 (1.00–1.65)

0.047

   Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)d

 

Reference

2.04 (0.30–13.8)

1.50 (0.36–6.24)

1.57 (0.40–6.22)

3.48 (0.81–15.0)

1.33 (0.96–1.83)

0.085

 Patients without internal disease etiology

233

34

23

53

86

37

  

  In-hospital mortality (%)

32 (13.7)

6 (17.6)

1 (4.3)

3 (5.7)

13 (15.1)

9 (24.3)

  

   Odds ratio (95% CI)

 

Reference

0.21 (0.02–1.89)

0.28 (0.07–1.21)

0.83 (0.29–2.40)

1.50 (0.47–4.78)

1.23 (0.90–1.68)

0.202

   Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)d

 

Reference

0.59 (0.04–8.37)

1.17 (0.14–9.54)

3.96 (0.56–28.2)

10.0 (1.13–88.8)

2.07 (1.23–3.48)

0.006

Rewarming Procedure

 Patients with active internal rewarming

80

19

6

16

28

11

  

  In-hospital mortality (%)

21 (26.3)

8 (42.1)

1 (16.7)

2 (12.5)

5 (17.9)

5 (45.5)

  

   Odds ratio (95% CI)

 

Reference

0.28 (0.03–2.83)

0.20 (0.03–1.12)

0.30 (0.08–1.13)

1.15 (0.26–5.11)

0.89 (0.62–1.27)

0.513

   Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)e

 

Reference

0.26 (0.01–5.37)

0.23 (0.01–3.74)

0.33 (0.03–4.44)

3.42 (0.26–45.3)

1.29 (0.71–2.36)

0.408

 Patients without active internal rewarming

401

38

30

88

147

98

  

  In-hospital mortality (%)

82 (20.4)

3 (7.9)

3 (10.0)

13 (14.8)

30 (20.4)

33 (33.7)

  

   Odds ratio (95% CI)

 

Reference

1.30 (0.24–6.94)

2.02 (0.54–7.55)

2.99 (0.86–10.4)

5.92 (1.69–20.7)

1.63 (1.27–2.08)

< 0.001

   Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)e

 

Reference

1.52 (0.24–9.49)

1.86 (0.43–8.08)

2.91 (0.70–12.1)

6.14 (1.38–27.4)

1.63 (1.19–2.25)

0.002

  1. Values are expressed as numbers (percentages) unless indicated otherwise
  2. aAdjusted for sex, body temperature at arrival to the hospital, the number of past medical history, activity of daily living, cold exposure, systolic blood pressure, internal disease etiology, active internal rewarming procedure
  3. bAdjusted for sex, age category, body temperature at arrival to the hospital, the number of past medical history, activity of daily living, cold exposure, systolic blood pressure, internal disease etiology, active internal rewarming procedure
  4. cAdjusted for sex, age category, the number of past medical history, activity of daily living, cold exposure, systolic blood pressure, internal disease etiology, active internal rewarming procedure
  5. dAdjusted for sex, age category, body temperature at arrival to the hospital, the number of past medical history, activity of daily living, cold exposure, systolic blood pressure, active internal rewarming procedure
  6. eAdjusted for sex, age category, body temperature at arrival to the hospital, the number of past medical history, activity of daily living, cold exposure, systolic blood pressure, internal disease etiology
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Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine

ISSN: 1757-7241