Table 1 Patient characteristics
Variable [number or % (IQR)] | Total patients | Survival discharge | In-hospital mortality | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(N | = | 220 | ) | (N | = | 169 | ) | (N | = | 51 | ) | |
Age (y.o) | 77 | [ | 64–86 | ] | 76 | [ | 63–86 | ] | 80 | [ | 70–87 | ] |
Male sex | 115 | ( | 52.3 | %) | 84 | ( | 49.7 | %) | 31 | ( | 60.8 | %) |
Comorbidities | ||||||||||||
 Cardiovascular diseases | 103 | ( | 46.8 | %) | 76 | ( | 45.0 | %) | 27 | ( | 52.9 | %) |
 Neurological diseases | 31 | ( | 14.1 | %) | 26 | ( | 15.4 | %) | 5 | ( | 9.8 | %) |
 Endocrine diseases | 51 | ( | 23.2 | %) | 40 | ( | 23.7 | %) | 11 | ( | 21.6 | %) |
 Psychiatric diseases | 56 | ( | 25.5 | %) | 47 | ( | 27.8 | %) | 9 | ( | 17.6 | %) |
 Malignant diseases | 19 | ( | 8.6 | %) | 15 | ( | 8.9 | %) | 4 | ( | 7.8 | %) |
 Dementia | 26 | ( | 11.8 | %) | 19 | ( | 11.2 | %) | 7 | ( | 13.7 | %) |
 Other | 35 | ( | 15.9 | %) | 28 | ( | 16.6 | %) | 7 | ( | 13.7 | %) |
Vital signs | ||||||||||||
 Body Temperature, °C | 30.4 | [ | 27.3–32.1 | ] | 30.5 | [ | 27.3–32.2 | ] | 29.6 | [ | 26.3–32.1 | ] |
 Heart rate, /min | 65 | [ | 43–86 | ] | 68 | [ | 47–89 | ] | 57 | [ | 34–80 | ] |
 Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 107 | [ | 80–137 | ] | 109 | [ | 86–136 | ] | 96 | [ | 56–141 | ] |
 Respiratory rate, /min | 18 | [ | 13–24 | ] | 20 | [ | 14–24 | ] | 15 | [ | 10–23 | ] |
 Glasgow coma scale | 10 | [ | 6–13 | ] | 10 | [ | 7–13 | ] | 6 | [ | 3–10 | ] |
Laboratory results | ||||||||||||
 Potassium, mmol/L | 4.1 | [ | 3.6–4.9 | ] | 4.0 | [ | 3.5–4.7 | ] | 4.6 | [ | 3.8–5.8 | ] |
 Lactate, mmol/L | 3.6 | [ | 1.6–8.1 | ] | 3.2 | [ | 1.5–6.4 | ] | 7.1 | [ | 3.1–9.5 | ] |
External and minimally invasive rewarming | ||||||||||||
 Warm intravenous fluid | 189 | ( | 85.9 | %) | 142 | ( | 84.0 | %) | 47 | ( | 92.2 | %) |
 Forced warm air | 42 | ( | 19.1 | %) | 31 | ( | 18.3 | %) | 11 | ( | 21.6 | %) |
 Warm blanket | 144 | ( | 65.5 | %) | 112 | ( | 66.3 | %) | 32 | ( | 62.7 | %) |
 Other | 50 | ( | 22.7 | %) | 35 | ( | 20.7 | %) | 15 | ( | 29.4 | %) |
Active internal rewarming | ||||||||||||
 Lavage | 20 | ( | 9.1 | %) | 15 | ( | 8.9 | %) | 5 | ( | 9.8 | %) |
 Intravascular | 3 | ( | 1.4 | %) | 2 | ( | 1.2 | %) | 1 | ( | 2.0 | %) |
 Hemodialysis | 20 | ( | 9.1 | %) | 17 | ( | 10.1 | %) | 3 | ( | 5.9 | %) |
 VV-ECMO | 2 | ( | 0.9 | %) | 2 | ( | 1.2 | %) | 0 | ( | 0.0 | %) |
 VA-ECMO | 17 | ( | 7.7 | %) | 9 | ( | 5.3 | %) | 8 | ( | 15.7 | %) |
Illness severity | ||||||||||||
 qSOFA | 2 | [ | 1–2 | ] | 2 | [ | 1–2 | ] | 2 | [ | 1–2 | ] |
 SOFA | 5 | [ | 3–8 | ] | 5 | [ | 3–7 | ] | 8 | [ | 7–11 | ] |
 SIRS | 2 | [ | 1–3 | ] | 2 | [ | 2–3 | ] | 2 | [ | 1–3 | ] |
 5A severity scale | 4 | [ | 3–5 | ] | 3 | [ | 2–4 | ] | 5 | [ | 4–6 | ] |