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Table 4 Injury types in snowboarding injuries

From: Spinal injury in alpine winter sports: a review

Author

Investigation period

m:f (%)

mean age

Fractures included

Mechanism

Compression Type (%)

Burst Type (%)

Distraction Type (%)

Rotational Type (%)

Other Fractures (%)

percentage and site of SCIa

Ishimaru et al.

2005–2012

65.7

26.3

431

jump

82.8

14.5

2.7

–

–

 

Gertzbein et al.

2005–2010

-

34

51

–

80.4

19.4

0

0

–

–

Masuda et al.

1997–2009

94.7

24.5

19b

jump

0

31.6

0

68.4

–

89.5 thoracolumbar

Yamakawa et al.

1988–2000

68.5

22.3

252

jump

91

9

0

0

6.8 sacrococcygeal

0.8 spinous process

39.9 transverse proc.

0.8 cervical facet

0.8 odontoid

2 tear drop

6.7

cervical

Tarazi et al.

1994–1996

100

22.4

27

jump

36.8

63.2

0

0

14.8 sacrococcygeal

7.4 spinous process

3.7 cervical facet

0 odontoid

0 tear drop

9

cervical

  1. aSCI Spinal Cord Injury, b Only fractures with SCI were included in this study