Table 1 Baseline characteristics, vital signs, laboratory parameters and outcomes of patients with sepsis
| Â | Â | Lactate group 1 | Lactate group 2 | Total | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | Â | 1166 | 699 | 1865 | Â |
Baseline variables | |||||
 Age |  | 70 (56–80) | 66 (55.5–77) | 68 (56–78.25) | 0.057 |
 Sex (%) | Female | 502 (43.05) | 300 (42.92) | 802 (43.00) | 0.955 |
Male | 664 (56.95) | 399 (57.08) | 1063 (57.00) | Â | |
 Ethnicity (%) | White | 883 (71.43) | 473 (67.67) | 1356 (72.71) | < 0.001 |
Black | 94 (8.06) | 76 (10.87) | 170 (9.12) | Â | |
Yellow | 29 (2.49) | 25 (3.58) | 54 (2.90) | Â | |
Others | 160 (13.72) | 125 (17.88) | 285 (15.28) | Â | |
Admission type (%) | Urgent | 22 (1.89) | 16 (2.29) | 38 (2.04) | 0.836 |
Emergency | 1088 (93.31) | 650 (92.99) | 1738 (93.19) | Â | |
Elective | 56 (4.80) | 33 (4.72) | 89 (4.77) | Â | |
ICU stay (%) | CCU | 94 (8.06) | 63 (9.01) | 157 (84.18) | 0.247 |
CSRU | 65 (5.57) | 29 (4.15) | 94 (50.40) | Â | |
MICU | 705 (60.46) | 441 (63.09) | 1146 (61.45) | Â | |
SICU | 188 (16.12) | 114 (16.31) | 302 (16.19) | Â | |
TSICU | 114 (9.78) | 52 (7.44) | 166 (8.90) | Â | |
Vital signs | |||||
|  | HR | 93 (79–107.5) | 101 (82.5–112) | 96 (81–109) | < 0.001 |
SBP | 106 (99–111.5) | 104 (95.5–112) | 104 (97–112) | < 0.001 | |
DBP | 54 (48–61) | 53 (49–61.5) | 53.5 (48.75–61) | 0.092 | |
MBP | 70 (66–76.5) | 68 (64–77) | 69.5 (65–77) | 0.001 | |
RR | 21 (19–24) | 23 (19.5–26) | 22 (19–26) | < 0.001 | |
T | 37 (36–37) | 37 (36–37) | 37 (36–37) | < 0.001 | |
SpO2 | 97 (95–99) | 97 (94–98) | 97 (95–99) | < 0.001 | |
Laboratory parameters (mmol/L) | |||||
|  | Hemoglobin | 10.2 (9.1–12.79) | 10.4 (9.2–11.8) | 10.2 (9.1–11.6) | 0.051 |
Albumin | 2.7 (2.3–3.1) | 2.6 (2.2–3.1) | 2.6 (2.2–3.1) | 0.220 | |
WBC | 14.2 (9.2–40) | 13.45 (7.55–20.43) | 14 (8.6–20.2) | 0.423 | |
Bilirubin | 0.8 (0.4–1.8) | 1.35 (0.6–4.1) | 1 (0.5–2.5) | 0.001 | |
BUN | 35 (21–57) | 36.5 (22.5–78.55) | 35.5 (21.5–56) | 0.001 | |
Potassium | 4.1 (3.8–4.6) | 4.4 (3.9–4.9) | 4.2 (3.8–4.8) | < 0.001 | |
Sodium | 138.5 (135–141.38) | 138 (134.5–141.5) | 138 (135–141.5) | < 0.001 | |
Bicarbonate | 20.5 (18–24) | 17.5 (14.5–20.5) | 19.5 (16–22.5) | < 0.001 | |
Cr | 1.6 (1–2.8) | 1.9 (1.2–3.1) | 1.8 (1.08–3) | < 0.001 | |
Platelet | 193.5 (120.25–290.5) | 154 (86.5–241.25) | 180 (104.5–265.38) | 0.300 | |
Lactate | 2.05 (1.53–2.80) | 4.95 (3.90–7.35) | 3.23 (2.04–4.96) | < 0.001 | |
Score system | |||||
|  | SAPS II | 47 (37–56) | 57 (46–69) | 50 (40–61) | < 0.001 |
SOFA | 7 (5–10) | 11 (8–13) | 8 (6–11) | < 0.001 | |
GCS | 15 (14–15) | 15 (13–15) | 15 (13–15) | 0.685 | |
qSOFA (%) | 0 | 26 (2.23) | 10 (0.015) | 36 (1.93) | < 0.001 |
1 | 155 (13.29) | 46 (6.58) | 201 (10.78) | Â | |
2 | 763 (65.44) | 486 (69.53) | 1249 (66.97) | Â | |
3 | 222 (19.04) | 157 (22.46) | 379 (20.32) | Â | |
Outcome (%) | |||||
|  | 30-day mortality | 395 (33.88) | 414 (59.23) | 809 (43.38) | < 0.001 |
90-day mortality | 508 (43.57) | 474 (67.81) | 982 (52.65) | < 0.001 | |
1-year mortality | 600 (51.46) | 499 (71.39) | 1099 (58.93) | < 0.001 | |
Hospital mortality | 408 (34.99) | 425 (60.80) | 833 (44.66) | < 0.001 | |
Severe sepsis (%) | 1120 (96.05) | 658 (94.13) | 1778 (95.34) | 0.057 | |
Septic shock (%) | 738 (63.29) | 491 (70.24) | 1229 (65.90) | 0.002 | |