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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients included in the study

From: Impact of initial coagulation and fibrinolytic markers on mortality in patients with severe blunt trauma: a multicentre retrospective observational study

 

Overall

n = 666

Survivors

n = 597

Non-survivors

n = 69

P value

Age, years

52 (31–70)

51 (31–69)

63 (35–78)

0.01

Male sex, n (%)

459 (68.9)

416 (69.7)

43 (62.3)

0.22

Anticoagulant/platelet agents, n (%)

46 (6.9)

44 (7.4)

2 (2.9)

0.21

Vital signs on ED arrival

 Systolic blood pressure, mmHg

132 (115–153)

132 (116–153)

132 (99–155)

0.40

 Heart rate, beats/min

89 (77–105)

89 (77–103)

99 (74–120)

0.07

 Shock index ≥1.0, n (%)

117 (17.6)

96 (16.1)

21 (30.4)

0.003

 Respiratory rate, breaths/min

23 (18–28)

23 (18–27)

21 (16–30)

0.22

 Glasgow coma scale

13 (7–15)

15 (9–15)

3 (3–6)

< 0.001

 Body temperature, °C

36.4 (36.0–36.7)

36.4 (36.0–36.8)

36.1 (35.2–36.5)

0.002

Initial laboratory variables

 Haemoglobin, g/dL

13.1 (11.6–14.4)

13.3 (11.9–14.4)

11.9 (10.2–13.1)

< 0.001

 Lactate, mmol/L

2.4 (1.7–3.8)

2.4 (1.6–3.6)

3.5 (2.3–7.4)

< 0.001

 Base deficit, mmol/L

1.2 (−0.4–3.5)

1.1 (−0.5–3.2)

4.4 (0.6–8.7)

< 0.001

Coagulation/fibrinolytic markers

 Platelet count, /μL

216 (169–260)

221 (178–263)

160 (126–205)

< 0.001

 PT-INR

1.1 (1.0–1.2)

1.1 (1.0–1.2)

1.4 (1.0–2.0)

< 0.001

 Fibrinogen, mg/dL

220 (177–288)

227 (187–284)

122 (71–184)

< 0.001

 D-dimer, μg/mL

24.5 (8.8–62.4)

20.6 (7.4–52.2)

141 (59.8–283)

< 0.001

Injury location (AIS ≥ 3)

 Head, n (%)

450 (67.6)

390 (65.3)

60 (87.0)

< 0.001

 Face, n (%)

13 (2.0)

13 (2.2)

0 (0.0)

0.38

 Chest, n (%)

309 (46.4)

272 (45.6)

37 (53.6)

0.25

 Abdomen, n (%)

105 (15.8)

87 (14.6)

18 (26.1)

0.02

 Extremity/Pelvis, n (%)

184 (27.6)

165 (27.6)

19 (27.5)

1.00

Isolated TBI, n (%)

227 (34.1)

201 (33.7)

26 (37.7)

0.51

Multiple trauma, n (%)

324 (48.6)

283 (47.4)

41 (59.4)

0.07

Injury Severity Score

26 (19–34)

25 (17–30)

38 (26–50)

< 0.001

Revised Trauma Score

7.55 (5.97–7.84)

7.84 (6.38–7.84)

4.09 (3.80–5.82)

< 0.001

TRISS Ps

0.92 (0.66–0.98)

0.94 (0.80–0.98)

0.24 (0.08–0.57)

< 0.001

  1. Data are expressed as medians (25–75 percentiles) or numbers (%). Non-survivors are defined as patients who died within 28 days of injury. The shock index is calculated with heart rate/systolic blood pressure. Isolated TBI is defined as no injuries with an AIS score ≥ 3, except for the head injury. Multiple trauma is defined as multiple injuries with an AIS score ≥ 3 in two or more regions. AIS Abbreviated injury scale, ED Emergency department, PT-INR Prothrombin time-international normalised ratio, TBI Traumatic brain injury, TRISS Ps probability of survival by trauma and injury severity score
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Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine

ISSN: 1757-7241