Table 2 Clinical characteristics and outcomes comparing 126 TBI patients (isolated TBI and TBI and polytrauma) with EoT+ (syndecan-1 ≥ 40 ng/ml) vs. EoT- (syndecan-1 < 40 ng/ml) and 205 polytrauma patients without TBI
From: Traumatic brain injury is associated with increased syndecan-1 shedding in severely injured patients
Polytrauma only | P value | TBI | P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
EoT- (N = 123) | EoT+ (N = 82) | EoT- (N = 76) | EoT+ (N = 50) | |||
ISS | 17 [13–26] | 24 [17–30] | 0.001 | 25 [18–29] | 32 [26–41] | < 0.001 |
SBP, mmHg | 103 [88–126] | 120 [98–142] | 0.001 | 135 [116–150] | 115 [100–140] | 0.006 |
HR, beats/minute | 96 [84–114] | 97 [81–120] | 0.9 | 84 [70–104] | 100 [84–111] | 0.007 |
BE, mEq/l | −3 [−6 to 0] | −6 [−8 to −2] | 0.002 | − 3 [−5 to 0] | −5 [− 8 to − 1] | 0.01 |
GCS | 13 [3–15] | 7 [3–15] | 0.34 | 3 [3–9] | 3 [3–7] | 0.7 |
Polytrauma, n (%) | – | – | 31 (39.2) | 39 (70.9) | < 0.0001 | |
rTEG values | ||||||
ACT, seconds | 113 [105–121] | 121 [113–125] | 0.04 | 105 [105–121] | 121 [105–136] | 0.004 |
MA, mm | 65 [62–69] | 63 [58–68] | 0.03 | 65 [60–69] | 62 [58–67] | 0.006 |
α- angle, degrees | 75 [72–78] | 73 [70–77] | 0.004 | 73 [70–77] | 72 [69–76] | 0.12 |
Biomarkers | ||||||
sTM, ng/ml | 5.0 [3.8–6.9] | 7.9 [5.6–9.4] | < 0.001 | 5.1 [4.3–7.2] | 7.4 [5.8–9.9] | < 0.0001 |
Syndecan-1, ng/ml | 19.3 [11.3–30.2] | 94.4 [59.0–155.6] | N/A | 17.9 [11.6–30.5] | 109.6 [71.1–217.8] | N/A |
Adrenalinea, ρg/ml | 93.4 [36.7–287.6] | 185.7 [64.4–618.8] | 0.01 | 106.7 [38.0–311.4] | 339.0 [132.6–786.5] | < 0.001 |
Noradrenalinea, ρg/ml | 846.2 [312.9–1340.3] | 1530.2 [570.1–1825.9] | 0.03 | 588.9 [345.9–1148.9] | 1143.1 [589.2–1866.1] | < 0.001 |
Outcomes | ||||||
Transfused, n (%) | 49 (39.8) | 65 (79.3) | < 0.01 | 36 (47.4) | 37 (74.0) | 0.003 |
Hospital-free days | 18 [6–25] | 12 [0–21] | 0.03 | 10 [0–20] | 2 [0–12] | 0.06 |
ICU-free days | 27 [20–30] | 23 [11–29] | 0.01 | 17 [0–27] | 12 [0–22] | 0.14 |
24-h mortality, n (%) | 1 (0.8) | 6 (7.3) | 0.02 | 5 (6.6) | 5 (10.0) | 0.5 |
48-h mortality, n (%) | 4 (3.2) | 9 (11.0) | 0.04 | 12 (22.4) | 9 (18.0) | 0.8 |
72-h mortality, n (%) | 6 (4.9) | 10 (12.2) | 0.07 | 12 (22.4) | 12 (24.0) | 0.25 |
30-day mortality, n (%) | 13 (10.6) | 14 (17.1) | 0.1 | 24 (31.5) | 17 (34.0) | 0.6 |