Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of 331 trauma patients
From: Traumatic brain injury is associated with increased syndecan-1 shedding in severely injured patients
All patients N = 331 | Non-TBI Polytrauma N = 205 | Poly TBI N = 68 | Isolated TBI N = 58 | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Demography | |||||
Age, y | 43 [29–58]a | 42 [27–57] | 44 [34–58] | 50 [33–76] | 0.12 |
Male, n (%) | 236 (71.3) | 145 (70.7) | 52 (76.5) | 39 (67.2) | 0.5 |
ISS | 22 [16–29] | 19 [14–27] | 34 [27–41]d | 25 [16–26]e | < 0.0001 |
Head AIS = 3, n (%) | 45 (35.7)b | – | 30 (44.1) | 15 (25.9) | 0.015 |
Head AIS = 4, n (%) | 35 (27.8)b | – | 21 (30.9) | 14 (24.1) | |
Head AIS ≥ 5, n (%) | 45 (35.7)b | – | 16 (23.5) | 29 (50.0) | |
ED Vital Signs and Laboratory Values | |||||
SBP, mmHg | 119 [99–140] | 114 [93–137]f | 116 [100–139] | 140 [128–158]e | 0.0001 |
HR, beats/min | 95 [79–112] | 96 [83–119]f | 93 [77–111] | 86 [70–102] | 0.004 |
BE, mEq/l | −4 [−7 to 0] | − 4 [− 7 to − 1]f | −5 [− 8 to − 2] | − 1 [− 5 to 2]e | 0.0001 |
Platelet count, 109/l | 221 [185–270] | 224 [189–278]f | 222 [189–264] | 206 [172–256] | 0.2 |
Hemoglobin, g/dl | 13.0 [11.6–14.2] | 13.0 [11.6–14.4] | 13.2 [11.5–13.9] | 13 [11.9–14.4] | 0.86 |
GCS | 6 [3–15] | 10 [3–15]f | 3 [3–9]d | 3 [3–9] | 0.0001 |
Biomarkers | |||||
sTM, ng/ml | 6.2 [4.6–8.4] | 6.1 [4.4–8.2] | 6.5 [5.1–8.8] | 5.6 [4.3–9.3] | 0.24 |
Syndecan-1, ng/ml | 33.2 [16.6–79.1] | 31.5 [15.5–61.2] | 54.0 [25.1–107.0]d | 25.0 [15.5–44.4]e | 0.0007 |
EoT+, n (%) | 132 (39.8) | 82 (40.0) | 38 (55.9)d | 12 (20.6)e | 0.001 |
Outcomes | |||||
Transfused, n (%) | 191 (58.1) | 114 (55.6) | 50 (73.5)d | 27 (46.5)e | 0.014 |
24-h mortality, n (%) | 18 (5.4) | 7 (3.4)f | 4 (5.9) | 6 (10.3) | 0.025 |
48-h mortality, n (%) | 37 (11.2) | 16 (7.8)f | 9 (13.2) | 12 (20.7) | 0.02 |
72-h mortality, n (%) | 40 (12.1) | 16 (7.8)f | 11 (16.2)d | 13 (22.4) | < 0.0001 |
30-day mortality, n (%) | 68 (20.5) | 27 (13.2)f | 19 (27.9)d | 22 (37.9) | < 0.0001 |