Author (Country; Year) | Therapeutic purpose | Severity of TBI | Case Number; Median age (y)/ ISS | Device /ER-to-device time | Anticoagulation/ Hemorrhagic event | Mortality/ Median Device Time |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Reynolds[19] (USA/1999) | Ventilation assistance | TBI (AIS 3) ICP monitor: No | 1 case; 16/18 | VV-ECMO /0 (d) | Heparin free/ Pulmonary hemorrhage | No /7 (d) |
Yen [20] (Taiwan/2008) | Hemodynamic assistance | TBI (AIS 5) ICP monitor: Yes | 1 case; 21/NA* | VA-ECMO /2 (d) | Heparin free/ No hemorrhagic event | No /49 hours |
Messing [21] (USA/2014) | Ventilation assistance | TBI (AIS ≥ 3) ICP monitor: Yes | 1 case; 21/38 | VV-ECMO /3 (d) | Initial heparin free then ACT 180-200 s/ No hemorrhagic event | No /20 (d) |
Muellenbach [22] (Germany/2012) | Ventilation assistance | TBI (AIS ≥ 3) ICP monitor: Yes | 3 cases; 53/59, 16/66, 28/66 | VV-ECMO /2 (d), 0 (d), 0(d) | Initial heparin free then aPTT 40-60 s/ No hemorrhagic event | No /8 (d), 3 (d), 3(d) |
Munoz-Bendix [23] (Germany/2015) | Reducing PaCO2 for ICP reduction | TBI (AIS >3) ICP monitor: Yes | 10 cases; 50 /NA* | pECLA / 6(d) | aPTT 50-60 s/ NA* | NA* /8 (d) |
Biscotti [24] (USA/2015) | Ventilation assistance | TBI (AIS >3), ICP monitor: Yes | 2 cases; 18/27, 20/33 | VV-ECMO /4 (d), 4(d) | aPTT 40-60 s/ No hemorrhagic event | No / 6(d), 13 (d) |
Zhou [25] (China/2015) | Ventilation assistance during tracheal repair | TBI (AIS 3), ICP monitor: No | 1 case; 33/34 | VA-ECMO /4 (d) | ACT 300 (s)/ No hemorrhagic event | No /551 minutes |
Robba [26] (UK/2017) | Ventilation assistance | TBI (AIS ≥ 3) ICP monitor: Yes | 2 cases; 31/41, 54/32 | VV-ECMO /5 (d), 20 (d) | NA*/ No hemorrhagic event | 50% (n=1) /20 (d), 4 (d) |