Predictors of hospital mortality in adult trauma patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for advanced life support: a retrospective cohort study

Table 2 Demographic and clinical data between the patients developing major hemorrhages on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and the patients not

	Hemorrhagic patient (n = 12)	Non-hemorrhagic patient (n = 24)	P
Pre-ECMO demographic data
Age (year)	34 (25–52)	37 (27–49)	0.86
Male	9 (75)	22 (92)	0.31
ISS	33 (19–75)	29 (19–43)	0.54
Traumatic brain injury	2 (17)	2 (8)	0.59
MV hours	15 (5–44)	33 (8–139)	0.28
Damage control intervention	9 (75)	14 (58)	0.47
ER-to-ECMO hours	17 (6–42)	48 (12–166)	0.053
Data obtained just before ECMO
pH	7.26 (7.13–7.34)	7.20 (7.09–7.37)	0.80
Mean arterial pressure (mmHg)^a	54 (35–66)	64 (50–86)	0.16
PaO₂ (mmHg)	48 (42–66)	52 (40–68)	0.88
PaCO₂ (mmHg)	50 (39–70)	52 (39–72)	0.78
PaO₂/FiO₂(mmHg)	48 (42–66)	49 (40–83)	0.61
Peak inspiratory pressure (cmH₂O)	35 (32–40)	35 (31–39)	0.88
PEEP (cmH₂O)	22 (14–25)	19 (15–24)	0.75
Hemoglobin (g/dL)	12 (10–15)	11 (9–15)	0.61
Platelet count (× 10⁹/L)	93 (73–164)	171 (89–220)	0.07
aPTT (second)	52 (36–100)	33 (29–39)	0.01*
Venovenous ECMO	7 (58)	15 (63)	1.0
ECMO-assisted CPR	2 (17)	3 (13)	1.0
Complication on ECMO
Requiring CRRT	4 (33)	6 (25)	0.70
Brain event	2 (17)	5 (21)	0.03*
ECMO hour	101 (45–248)	152 (71–271)	0.40
Hospital day	15 (6–50)	40 (24–51)	0.21

Numerical variables are presented as median and interquartile range (IQR). Categorical variables are presented as number (percentage)
aPTT Activated partial thromboplastin time, CPR Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, CRRT Continuous renal replacement therapy, ECMO Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, ER Emergency room, ISS Injury severity score, MV hour Mechanical ventilation hours before ECMO, PEEP Positive end-expiratory pressure, Brain event Brain hemorrhage or infarction
^aExclude patients with refractory cardiac arrest and requiring ECMO-assisted CPR
*: p < 0.05

ISSN: 1757-7241