What should be included in the assessment of laypersons’ paediatric basic life support skills? Results from a Delphi consensus study

Hasselager, Asbjørn Børch; Lauritsen, Torsten; Kristensen, Tim; Bohnstedt, Cathrine; Sønderskov, Claus; Østergaard, Doris; Tolsgaard, Martin Grønnebæk

doi:10.1186/s13049-018-0474-5

Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine

Table 1 Grouped and condensed items for Paediatric Basic Life Support

From: What should be included in the assessment of laypersons’ paediatric basic life support skills? Results from a Delphi consensus study

Paediatric Basic Life Support
Item number	Item	Description	Delphi round	Responses (n)	Distribution of likert ratings (%)					Wilcoxon signed-rank test (p-value)
Item number	Item	Description	Delphi round	Responses (n)	1	2	3	4	5	Wilcoxon signed-rank test (p-value)
1	Safety	Own safety and safety of the child	Second	26	4	12	8	15	62	0.24
1	Safety	Own safety and safety of the child	Third	23	0	13	22	22	44	0.24
2	Responsiveness	Recognition of unresponsiveness	Second	26	0	0	12	27	62	0.56
2	Responsiveness	Recognition of unresponsiveness	Third	23	0	0	0	35	65	0.56
3	Call for help	Recognizing need for help and alerting surroundings both by loud verbal call out and using telephone	Second	26	0	0	8	23	69	>0.99
3	Call for help		Third	21	0	0	10	14	76	>0.99
4	Open airway	Ability to establish open airways including mouth inspection, appropriate head and jaw positioning.	Second	26	0	4	8	31	58	0.02
4	Open airway		Third	23	0	0	4	22	74	0.02
5	Check breathing	Assessment of breathing and recognition of respiratory arrest or abnormal breathing	Second	26	0	0	15	46	39	0.73
5	Check breathing		Third	23	0	0	9	65	26	0.73
6	Rescue breaths	Ability to provide high quality initial rescue breaths	Second	25	0	4	0	40	56	0.56
6	Rescue breaths	Ability to provide high quality initial rescue breaths	Third	23	0	0	4	35	61	0.56
7	Compressions	High quality compressions. Adequate rate, compression depth and correct hand placement	Second	26	0	0	0	15	85	0.25
7	Compressions		Third	23	0	0	0	0	100	0.25
8	Ventilations	High quality ventilations in general during CPR. Adequate thoracic rise.	Second	26	0	0	12	27	62	0.28
8	Ventilations		Third	23	0	0	4	22	74	0.28
9	Compression ventilation coordination	Deliver efficient compressions and ventilations in coordination	Second	26	0	8	15	62	15	0.31
9	Compression ventilation coordination		Third	21	0	5	24	57	14	0.31
10	Call emergency medical service (EMS) / Communication with EMS	Ability to provide adequate information to emergency medical service by telephone	Second	26	4	8	15	23	50	0.27
10			Third	21	0	10	38	29	24	0.27
11	Two rescuers modifications	Ability to perform two rescuer CPR	Second	26	8	8	39	42	4	0.04
11	Two rescuers modifications	Ability to perform two rescuer CPR	Third	22	9	14	59	18	0	0.04
12	Time factor	Ability to act effectively with minimised hands off time, no delays in treatment and fast call for help	Second	26	0	0	19	46	35	0.59
12	Time factor		Third	21	0	0	14	48	38	0.59
13	Signs of life assessment	Ability to recognize signs of life to evaluate circulation	Second	25	0	8	20	52	20	0.82
13	Signs of life assessment	Ability to recognize signs of life to evaluate circulation	Third	23	0	9	26	52	13	0.82
14	Recovery	Ability to recognize changes in condition (i.e. return of spontaneous circulation) and act appropriately	Second	26	8	8	27	54	4	0.40
14	Recovery		Third	22	5	9	59	27	0	0.40
15	Adherence to algorithm	Ability to follow guidelines and do procedures in the right sequence	Second	26	0	8	39	39	15	0.03
15	Adherence to algorithm		Third	22	0	14	68	18	0	0.03
16	Non technical skills	Situational awareness, communication skills, use of available resources	Second	26	8	12	46	23	12	0.05
16	Non technical skills		Third	22	5	27	46	23	0	0.05
17	Prevention of cardiac arrest	Recognize deteriorating conditions and call for help to prevent cardiac arrest	Second	25	0	16	20	28	36	0.68
17	Prevention of cardiac arrest		Third	23	0	13	30	39	17	0.68
18	Allow for algorithm modification if not wanting to do ventilations	Appropriate action of continued compressions and call for help when not wanting or able to do ventilations	Second	26	8	12	31	31	19	0.06
18			Third	23	4	17	48	30	0	0.06
19	Use of AED	Appropriate use of and call for Automatic External defibrillator	Second	26	0	0	23	46	31	0.28
19	Use of AED		Third	23	0	0	17	74	9	0.28

The table shows the grouped and condensed items based on the participants responses in the first Delphi consensus round. Text in italics shows alterations in descriptions from the second to the third round
The table presents the distribution of ratings from the second and the third Delphi consensus round and Wilcoxon signed rank test of third round vs. second round distribution of scores for Paediatric Basic Life Support. Sum of percentages may not equal 100 due to rounding of percentages

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ISSN: 1757-7241

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