Table 1 Summary of patient characteristics and coagulation tests by the severity of TBI

N

662

547

1110

2319

Age (yrs) (mean ± SD)

47.84 ± 16.03

48.07 ± 15.95

47.05 ± 17.03

47.52 ± 16.50

 Male

513 (77.5)

430 (78.6)

819 (73.8)

1762 (76.0)

 Female

149 (22.5)

117 (21.4)

291 (26.2)

557 (24.0)

 Motor vehicle accident

422 (63.7)

334 (61.1)

593 (53.4)

1349 (58.2)

 Fall

99 (15.0)

78 (14.3)

147 (13.2)

324 (14.0)

 Stumble

86 (13.0)

83 (15.2)

219 (19.7)

388 (16.7)

 Blow to head

32 (4.8)

29 (5.3)

113 (10.2)

174 (7.5)

 Others

23 (3.5)

23 (4.2)

38 (3.4)

84 (3.6)

 Both reacting

387 (58.5)

528 (96.5)

1110 (100)

2025 (87.3)

 One reacting

195 (29.5)

19 (3.5)

0 (0)

214 (9.2)

 None reacting

80 (12.1)

0 (0)

0 (0)

80 (3.4)

 SDH*

263 (39.7)

154 (28.2)

231 (20.8)

648 (27.9)

 EDH

184 (27.8)

152 (27.8)

304 (27.4)

640 (27.6)

 IPH*

526 (79.5)

435 (79.5)

610 (55.0)

1571 (67.7)

 tSAH*

405 (61.2)

311 (56.9)

521 (46.9)

1237 (53.3)

 DAI*

60 (9.1)

11 (2.0)

3 (0.3)

74 (3.2)

 Skull fracture*

88 (13.3)

110 (20.1)

265 (23.9)

463 (20.0)

INR*

1.08 (1.02-1.16)

1.05 (1.00–1.12)

1.03 (0.99–1.08)

1.05 (1.00–1.12)

INR > 1.25*

76 (11.5)

27 (4.9)

31 (2.8)

134 (5.8)

PT(s)*

12.4 (11.8-13.4)

12.0 (11.4–12.8)

11.8 (11.2–12.3)

12.0 (11.3–12.8)

PT > 14 s*

100 (15.1)

36 (6.6)

51 (4.6)

187 (8.1)

APTT(s)*

26.1 (23.5–29.8)

25.0 (22.0–28.8)

24.7 (22.0–27.5)

25.0 (22.4–28.5)

APTT > 36 s*

64 (9.7)

24 (4.4)

43 (3.9)

131 (5.6)

FIB(g/L)*

2.1 (1.5–3.1)

2.3 (1.8–3.1)

2.5 (1.9–3.1)

2.3 (1.8–3.1)

FIB < 1.5 g/L*

174 (26.3)

82 (15.0)

98 (8.8)

354 (15.3)

D-dimer (mg/L)*

2.856 (0.840–7.080)

2.101 (0.852–5.174)

0.879 (0.300–2.451)

1.552 (0.453–4.298)

D-dimer <1 mg/L*

186 (28.1)

154 (28.2)

591 (53.2)

931 (40.1)

D-dimer 1–5 mg/L

238 (36.0)

249 (45.5)

388 (35.0)

875 (37.7)

D-dimer >5 mg/L

238 (36.0)

144 (26.3)

131 (11.8)

513 (22.1)

PLT(×10⁹/L)*

158 (115–204)

167 (129-210)

178 (147–213)

171 (134–210)

PLT < 100 × 10⁹/L*

115 (17.4)

63 (11.5)

69 (6.2)

247 (10.7)

Coagulopathy*

201 (30.4)

105 (19.2)

126 (11.4)

432 (18.6)

Hb(g/L)*

125 (108–141)

134 (117-146)

135 (123–147)

133 (117–145)

HCT(%)*

37.1(32.2-40.9)

38.8 (34.5–42.1)

39.5 (36.3–42.7)

38.7 (34.6–42.1)

Glucose(mmol/L)*

8.6 (7.3–10.4)

7.7 (6.7–9.2)

6.8 (6.0–8.0)

7.5 (6.4–9.0)

ICP monitoring*

447 (67.5)

233 (42.6)

80 (7.2)

760 (32.8)

Craniectomy*

365 (55.1)

136 (24.9)

39 (3.5)

540 (23.3)

Mortality*

131 (19.8)

27 (4.9)

16 (1.4)

174 (7.5)

LOS*

18 (11-28)

15 (10-22)

9 (6–14)

13 (8–20)