Table 1 Patient baseline characteristics according to six-month outcome
|  | All patients (n = 3218) | Development (n = 1589) | Validation (n = 1629) | P-value* | Survivors (n = 1691) | Non-survivors (n = 1527) | P-value†|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, in years | |||||||
  < 45 | 416 (13) | 216 (14) | 200 (12) | 0.392 | 263 (16) | 153 (10) | <0.001 |
 45–75 | 2467 (77) | 1202 (75) | 1265 (78) | 1283 (76) | 1184 (78) | ||
  > 75 | 335 (10) | 171 (11) | 164 (10) | 145 (8) | 190 (12) | ||
Level of care hospital | |||||||
 Secondary (Central) | 866 (27) | 435 (27) | 431 (27) | 0.557 | 295 (17) | 571 (37) | <0.001 |
 Tertiary (University) | 2352 (73) | 1154 (73) | 1198 (73) | 1396 (83) | 956 (63) | ||
Prior functional ability | |||||||
 Independent | 2917 (91) | 1435 (90) | 1482 (91) | 0.515 | 1578 (93) | 1339 (88) | <0.001 |
 Dependent | 301 (9) | 154 (10) | 147 (9) | 113 (7) | 188 (12) | ||
GCS | |||||||
 3 to 8 | 1999 (62) | 992 (62) | 1007 (62) | 0.764 | 654 (39) | 1345 (88) | <0.001 |
 9 to 12 | 485 (15) | 243 (15) | 242 (15) | 374 (22) | 111 (7) | ||
 13 to 15 | 734 (23) | 354 (22) | 380 (23) | 663 (39) | 71 (5) | ||
 APACHE II | 23 (16, 28) | 23 (16, 28) | 22 (16, 28) | 0.311 | 17 (12, 23) | 27 (23, 31) | <0.001 |
 SAPS II | 47 (30, 57) | 47 (30, 58) | 46 (30, 57) | 0.466 | 33 (23, 46) | 56 (48, 63) | <0.001 |
 SOFA | 7 (4, 9) | 7 (4, 9) | 7 (4, 9) | 0.073 | 5 (3, 8) | 8 (6, 10) | <0.001 |
TISS-76‡ | |||||||
 Total score | 73 (44, 143) | 74 (44, 145) | 72 (44, 141) | 0.605 | 80 (44, 163) | 68 (44, 122) | <0.001 |
 Average score | 28 (23, 33) | 28 (23, 33) | 28 (22, 32) | 0.055 | 26 (21, 31) | 29 (24, 34) | <0.001 |
ICU admission characteristics | |||||||
 Mechanical ventilation | 2437 (76) | 1213 (76) | 1224 (75) | 0.428 | 1052 (62) | 1385 (91) | <0.001 |
 Operative admission | 1105 (34) | 564 (36) | 541 (33) | 0.173 | 677 (40) | 428 (28) | <0.001 |
 Comorbidity | 303 (9) | 157 (10) | 146 (9) | 0.373 | 125 (7) | 178 (12) | <0.001 |
Length of stay, in days | |||||||
 ICU | 2 (1, 4) | 2 (1, 4) | 2 (1,4) | 0.875 | 2 (1, 5) | 1 (1, 3) | <0.001 |
 Hospital | 5 (2, 12) | 5 (2,12) | 5 (2,12) | 0.502 | 8 (4, 15) | 3 (1, 7) | <0.001 |
Mortality | |||||||
 ICU | 695 (22) | 345 (22) | 350 (22) | 0.876 | NA | 695 (46) | NA |
 Hospital | 1139 (35) | 559 (35) | 580 (36) | 0.801 | NA | 1139 (75) | NA |
 Six-month | 1527 (48) | 741 (47) | 786 (48) | 0.358 | NA | 1527 (100) | NA |