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Table 1 Baseline characteristics

From: Physician-staffed helicopter emergency medical service has a beneficial impact on the incidence of prehospital hypoxia and secured airways on patients with severe traumatic brain injury

 

Period 1: EMS

 

Period 2: HEMS

  

n = 181

 

n = 85

 

p-value

Age, years

(Median, Q1-Q3)

54

33–69

53

23–74

0.479

Gender, male

(n, %)

127

70

58

68

0.820

Mechanism of injury

(n, %)

    

0.288

 Fall from ground level

 

79

43

32

38

 

 Traffic accident

 

41

23

29

34

 

 Fall from a height (> 2 m)

 

25

14

9

11

 

 Violence

 

14

8

6

7

 

 Other

 

4

2

4

5

 

 Unknown

 

18

10

5

6

 

Primary GCS

(Median, Q1-Q3)

5

3–7

5

3–7

0.956

Primary vital parameters

(n/total, %)

     

 Hypoxia

 

32/170

19

18/84

21

0.369

 Hypotension

 

7/174

4

4/84

5

0.514

Airway secured

(n, %)

29

16

81

95

< 0.001

 Prehospital decision not to treat

 

2

2

 

Vital parameters on arrival at the ED

(n/total, %)

     

 Hypoxia

 

18/173

10

2/84

2

0.024

 Hypotension

 

7/179

4

4/85

5

0.750

Mission related times, minutes

(Median, Range)

     

 From dispatch to arrival on-scene

      

 1st EMS Unit on-scene

 

8

0–37

12

4–41

0.006

 HEMS

 

23

6–85

 

 Total mission time

 

54

18–180

82

30–201

< 0.001