Table 2 Comparison between the STEMI and false-positive STEMI patients in the derivation cohort
STEMI (n = 404) | False-positive STEMI (n = 90) | OR (95% CI) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age < 65 years | 191 (47.3) | 65 (72.2) | 2.90 (1.76–4.79) | <0.001 |
Male, n (%) | 320 (79.2) | 80 (88.9) | 2.10 (1.04–4.23) | 0.038 |
BMI, mean ± SD | 23.8 ± 3.6 | 23.1 ± 3.5 | 0.95 (0.89–1.01) | 0.121 |
Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 142 (35.1) | 20 (22.2) | 0.53 (0.31–0.90) | 0.020 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 220 (54.5) | 36 (40.0) | 0.56 (0.35–0.89) | 0.014 |
Chronic renal failure, n (%) | 17 (4.2) | 6 (6.7) | 1.63 (0.62–4.25) | 0.321 |
Hypercholesterolemia, n (%) | 63 (15.6) | 5 (5.6) | 0.32 (0.12–0.82) | 0.017 |
Current smoking, n (%) | 193 (47.8) | 33 (36.7) | 0.63 (0.40–1.01) | 0.057 |
Previous event, n (%) | ||||
Stroke | 20 (5.0) | 1 (1.1) | 0.22 (0.03–1.63) | 0.137 |
Variant angina | 2 (0.5) | 5 (5.6) | 11.82 (2.26–61.93) | 0.004 |
Unstable angina | 25 (6.2) | 5 (5.6) | 0.89 (0.33–2.40) | 0.820 |
Myocardial infarction | 37 (9.2) | 8 (8.9) | 0.97 (0.44–2.16) | 0.937 |
CAD | 68 (16.8) | 14 (15.6) | 0.91 (0.49–1.70) | 0.769 |
Heart failure | 13 (3.2) | 3 (3.3) | 1.04 (0.29–3.72) | 0.955 |
Previous PCI | 60 (14.9) | 13 (14.4) | 0.97 (0.51–1.85) | 0.922 |
Previous CABG | 9 (2.2) | 2 (2.2) | 1.00 (0.21–4.70) | 0.998 |
Family history of CAD, n (%) | 29 (7.2) | 2 (2.2) | 0.29 (0.07–1.26) | 0.098 |
Chest pain, n (%) | ||||
Typical | 318 (78.7) | 32 (35.6) | 1 (reference) | <0.001 |
Atypical | 37 (9.2) | 20 (22.2) | 5.37 (2.79–10.33) | |
No chest pain | 49 (12.1) | 38 (42.2) | 7.71 (4.41–13.47) | |
Other symptom, n (%) | 160 (39.6) | 55 (61.1) | 2.40 (1.50–3.83) | <0.001 |
Radiating pain, n (%) | 125 (30.9) | 14 (15.6) | 0.41 (0.22–0.76) | 0.004 |
Symptom onset to arrival, n (%) | ||||
≤ 6 h | 319 (79.0) | 64 (71.1) | 1 (reference) | 0.186 |
6-24 h | 50 (12.4) | 13 (14.4) | 1.30 (0.67–2.52) | |
> 24 h | 35 (8.7) | 13 (14.4) | 1.85 (0.93–3.69) | |
Ambulance arrival, n (%) | 181 (44.8) | 46 (51.1) | 1.29 (0.82–2.04) | 0.278 |
Hemodynamic instability, n (%) | 73 (18.1) | 15 (16.7) | 0.91 (0.49–1.67) | 0.753 |
Positive baseline biomarker, n (%) | 184 (45.5) | 15 (16.7) | 0.24 (0.13–0.43) | <0.001 |
Location of STE, n (%) | ||||
Anterior | 155 (38.4) | 54 (60.6) | 1 (reference) | |
Inferior | 165 (40.8) | 25 (27.8) | 0.44 (0.26–0.73) | 0.002 |
Posterolateral | 14 (3.5) | 5 (5.6) | 1.03 (0.35–2.98) | 0.964 |
Diffuse | 70 (17.3) | 6 (6.7) | 0.25 (0.10–0.60) | 0.002 |
Height of maximal STE (mm) | 3.3 ± 2.1 | 2.4 ± 1.1 | 0.72 (0.61–0.85) | <0.001 |
Number of leads with STE | 3.3 ± 1.2 | 2.8 ± 1.0 | 0.61 (0.47–0.81) | <0.001 |
No reciprocal change, n (%) | 181 (44.8) | 71 (78.9) | 4.60 (2.68–7.92) | <0.001 |
Concave morphology of STE, n (%) | 162 (40.1) | 81 (90.0) | 13.4 (6.56–27.53) | <0.001 |
Q wave, n (%) | 21 (5.2) | 0 | <0.01 (<0.01- > 99.99) | 0.971 |
LVH, n (%) | 52 (12.9) | 18 (20.0) | 1.69 (0.94–3.06) | 0.082 |