Table 4 Summary of diagnostic accuracy studies

Corl³⁸

Age ≥18, clinically expected to be eu- or hypovolaemic

26

N/A

SBP 114

N/A

Yes

PLR

U/S

∆ Caval index

N/A

≥10% increase in CI by TEB 4 min after PLR

31

N/A

N/A

0.56 (0.31–0.81)

Duus⁴¹

Age ≥18 and decided to receive a fluid bolus

109

(100 were analysed)

APACHE II 5 ± 3.6

MAP 126 ± 19

1.4 ± 0.6

Yes

PLR

Bioreactance

∆SV

10%

≥10% increase in SV by bioreactance after a fluid bolus (at least 5 ml/kg – no pre-defined infusion time or time frame for assessment)

60

80% (72%-88%)

61% (51%-71%)

N/A

de Valk³⁹

At least one clinical sign of shock and decided to receive a fluid bolus

52 (45 were analysed)

N/A

MAP 73.8 ± 14.2

1,9 ± 1.1

Yes

Spontaneous breathing

U/S

Caval Index

36.5%

(Not pre-defined)

≥10 mmHg increase in BP 15 min after a fluid bolus (500 ml NaCl 0.9% over 15 min)

27

83%

67%

0.741

Feissel⁴⁰

Age ≥18, mechanically ventilated, sinus rhythm and septic shock

39 (31 were analysed)

SOFA 14 ± 2

72 ± 19*

N/A

No

MV

Plethysmography

Plethysmographic variability index (PVI)

19%

(Not pre-defined)

≥15% increase in VTI by TTE 5 min after a fluid bolus (8 mL/kg HES over 20 min)

52

94% (69%-100%)

87% (61%-97%)

0.97 (0.83-0.99)

Jung⁴²

Spontaneous breathing, sepsis-induced hypotension

26 (22 were analysed)

N/A

N/A

N/A

Yes

None

Oesophageal Doppler

Baseline corrected flow time (FTc)

301 ms

(Not pre-defined)

≥10% increase in SVI by oesophageal Doppler immediately after a fluid bolus (7 mL/kg HES over 30 min)

65

88.2%

88.8%

0.870 (0.708–0.979)