Table 3 Main characteristics of clinical studies

Kuan³⁵

Age ≥21, two SIRS criteria, suspected infection and lactate ≥ 3 mmol/L

122

3.4 ± 2.6*

88 ± 18*

4.8 ± 2*

PLR

Bioreactance

∆SVI

10%

500 mL bolus

Standard care (target MAP > =65)

Rate of lactate clearance >20% at 3 h

20%

1 L bolus

Hou³⁶

Age ≥18, two SIRS criteria, lactate ≥2 mmol/L and < 4 mmol/L and 4 h from ED presentation

64

1.1 ± 1.5*

92*

2.6 ± 0.4*

Fluid bolus (5 ml/kg over 10 min)

Bioreactance

∆SV

(within 5 min of the fluid bolus)

10%

1 L infusion

Standard care

Worsening SOFA score by > =1 point over the first 72 h

Coen³⁷

Age ≥18, Septic shock or Lactate >4 mmol/L

51

7.1 ± 2.9

60 ± 13

4.6 ± 3.3

Spontaneous breathing

Ultrasound

Caval index

30%

500 mL bolus

N/A

N/A