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Table 2 Risk factors of fentanyl non-treatment stratified by sex, comorbidity and age

From: Prehospital intravenous fentanyl to patients with hip fracture: an observational cohort study of risk factors for analgesic non-treatment

 

Male

Female

CCI score 0

CCI score > 1

Age < 85 years

Age > 85 years

Fentanyl adm./n (patients)

Adjusted Relative Risk (95% CI)*

Fentanyl adm./n (patients)

Adjusted Relative Risk (95% CI)*

Fentanyl adm./n (patients)

Adjusted Relative Risk (95% CI)*

Fentanyl adm./n (patients)

Adjusted Relative Risk (95% CI)*

Fentanyl adm./n (patients)

Adjusted Relative Risk (95% CI)*

Fentanyl adm./n (patients)

Adjusted Relative Risk (95% CI)*

Housing, n = 1967

Own home

97/391

1 (reference)

309/937

1 (reference)

203/598

1 (reference)

202/730

1 (reference)

260/815

1 (reference)

145/513

1 (reference)

OHATI

22/69

1.36 (0.87-2.13)

51/141

1.28 (1.02-1.60)

29/71

1.41 (1.01-1.95)

44/139

1.27 (0.97-1.66)

35/91

1.26 (0.95-1.69)

38/119

1.26 (0.94-1.71)

Institution

25/136

1.10 (0.73-1.68)

35/293

0.58 (0.43-0.80)

17/140

0.55 (0.34-0.89)

43/289

0.80 (0.59-1.07)

25/163

0.67 (0.46-0.97)

35/266

0.71 (0.51-0.99)

BMI, n = 2140

Normal

69/303

1 (reference)

215/748

1 (reference)

139/454

1 (reference)

34/120

1 (reference)

164/545

1 (reference)

120/506

1 (reference)

Underweight

10/27

1.03 (0.50-2.12)

41/164

0.96 (0.73-1.26)

17/71

0.94 (0.61-1.45)

145/597

1.02 (0.74-1.41)

23/84

0.91 (0.64-1.31)

28/107

1.19 (0.82-1.74)

Overweight

44/198

0.81 (0.56-1.17)

101/323

1.13 (0.94-1.35)

67/206

1.07 (0.85-1.36)

78/315

1.00 (0.79-1.26)

93/308

0.99 (0.80-1.21)

52/213

1.13 (0.86-1.50)

Obesea

29/124

1.11 (0.70-1.76)

75/253

0.98 (0.74-1.29)

47/144

1.00 (0.73-.138)

57/233

1.06 (0.76-1.48)

71/228

0.98 (0.75-1.30)

33/149

1.21 (0.78-1.87)

Fracture displacement, n = 1981

Yes

126/519

1 (reference)

347/1198

1 (reference)

221/705

1 (reference)

252/1012

1 (reference)

283/924

1 (reference)

190/793

1 (reference)

No

16/75

0.99 (0.57-1.74)

37/155

1.10 (0.83-1.44)

19/91

0.88 (0.59-1.32)

34/139

1.19 (0.87-1.63)

34/127

1.12 (0.83-1.52)

19/103

0.99 (0.63-1.56)

Unspecified

2/10

0.96 (0.27-3.21)

11/24

1.43 (0.92-2.21)

8/17

1.33 (0.81-2.17)

5/17

1.29 (0.53-3.16)

7/20

1.01 (0.57-1.77)

6/14

1.87 (0.95-3.68)

Type of fracture

Subtrochanteric

22/60

1 (reference) 0.76

49/122

1 (reference)

33/66

1 (reference)

38/116

1 (reference)

44/102

1 (reference)

27/80

1 (reference)

Pertrochanteric

67/276

(0.49-1.16)

190/596

0.93 (0.73-1.20)

114/353

0.71 (0.52-0.96)

143/519

0.79 (0.58-1.07)

134/444

0.81 (0.61-1.06)

123/428

0.89 (0.62-1.28)

Medial

63/316

0.70 (0.45-1.09)

49/122

0.77 (0.60-0.99)

123/456

0.84 (0.62-1.14)

133/630

0.92 (0.68-1.25)

173/619

0.75 (0.57-0.99)

83/467

0.66 (0.45-0.96)

Prior consultation with GP

No

116/302

1 (reference)

366/1134

1 (reference)

234/678

1 (reference)

259/944

1 (reference)

303/923

1 (reference)

190/699

1 (reference)

Yes

8/60

0.56 (0.33-0.92)

66/354

0.91 (0.73-1.14)

36/197

0.75 (0.54-1.04)

55/321

0.87 (0.67-1.14)

48/242

0.83 (0.63-1.10)

43/276

0.71 (0.51-0.98)

EMCC triage level

A (highest)

17/45

1 (reference)

39/88

1 (reference)

32/68

1 (reference)

23/77

1 (reference)

42/106

1 (reference)

13/39

1 (reference)

B

87/202

1.31 (0.84-2.06)

317/897

0.88 (0.70-1.11)

189/516

0.99 (0.76-1.28)

221/730

1.08 (0.75-1.55)

243/679

1.00 (0.77-1.29)

167/567

0.97 (0.66-1.45)

C

10/72

0.68 (0.36-1.27)

37/344

0.34 (0.23-0.50)

19/190

0.32 (0.19-0.55)

37/314

0.55 (0.34-0.88)

32/241

0.47 (0.31-0.70)

24/263

0.40 (0.23-0.72)

Time with ambulance personnelb, minutes

<20

2/29

0.07 (0.01-0.51)

0/125

-

3/67

0.04 (0.01-0.30)

0/107

-

3/88

0.03 (0.01-0.21)

0/86

-

20-29

8/47

0.28 (0.14-0.54)

30/217

0.26 (0.18-0.39)

20/126

0.31 (0.20-0.49)

18/180

0.23 (0.14-0.38)

27/162

0.32 (0.22-0.48)

11/144

0.19 (0.10-0.35)

30-39

15/52

0.62 (0.38-1.00)

55/267

0.42 (0.32-0.55)

39/146

0.53 (0.39-0.73)

37/216

0.38 (0.26-0.54)

44/183

0.46 (0.34-0.62)

32/179

0.45 (0.31-0.65)

40-49

23/57

0.83 (0.56-1.23)

78/255

0.59 (0.47-0.74)

49/161

0.64 (0.48-0.85)

64/216

0.65 (0.50-0.85)

65/196

0.63 (0.49-0.81)

48/181

0.64 (0.47-0.89)

50-59

24/62

0.78 (0.51-1.19)

103/236

0.82 (0.67-0.99)

59/143

0.81 (0.62-1.04)

69/194

0.82 (0.64-1.06)

74/189

0.72 (0.58-0.91)

54/148

0.96 (0.73-1.28)

>60

41/71

1 (reference)

121/218

1 (reference)

68/124

1 (reference)

90/198

1 (reference)

100/198

1 (reference)

58/124

1 (reference)

Yearc

2011

20/106

1 (reference)

51/254

1 (reference)

36/163

1 (reference)

35/197

1 (reference)

47/211

1 (reference)

24/149

1 (reference)

2012

61/240

1.44 (0.85-2.44)

167/533

1.47 (1.10-1.96)

106/307

1.60 (1.12-2.31)

122/466

1.24 (0.87-1.78)

145/427

1.43 (1.07-1.92)

83/346

1.47 (0.89-2.43)

2013

51/211

1.23 (0.72-2.11)

139/455

1.50 (1.12-2.01)

81/257

1.49 (1.02-2.17)

109/409

1.30 (0.91-1.87)

109/350

1.33 (0.98-1.81)

81/316

1.61 (0.98-2.64)

2014

20/95

1.48 (0.79-2.76)

75/246

1.55 (1.13-2.13)

47/148

1.60 (1.06-2.41)

48/193

1.37 (0.91-2.04)

50/177

1.28 (0.90-1.81)

45/164

1.96 (1.16-3.31)

Sex

Female

-

-

-

-

210/666

1 (reference)

222/822

1 (reference)

260/764

1 (reference)

172/724

1 (reference)

Male

    

60/209

0.83 (0.64-1.07)

92/443

0.71 (0.56-0.90)

91/401

0.70 (0.56-0.87)

61/251

0.89 (0.67-1.19)

CCI score

0

60/209

1 (reference)

210/666

1 (reference)

-

-

-

-

159/433

1 (reference)

111/442

1 (reference)

1

31/155

0.63 (0.41-0.97)

93/373

0.82 (0.66-1.02)

    

70/287

0.69 (0.54-0.90)

54/241

0.87 (0.65-1.16)

2

29/121

0.80 (0.54-1.19)

56/219

0.82 (0.63-1.07)

    

52/204

0.79 (0.61-1.04)

33/136

0.94 (0.65-1.37)

3+

32/167

0.66 (0.44-1.00)

73/230

1.00 (0.81-1.24)

    

70/204

0.87 (0.69-1.10)

35/156

0.88 (0.63-1.24)

Age, years

65-74

37/144

1 (reference)

87/218

1 (reference)

67/155

1 (reference)

57/207

1 (reference)

-

-

-

-

75-79

26/108

0.85 (0.53-1.38)

78/230

0.92 (0.72-1.18)

37/115

0.71 (0.50-1.01)

67/223

1.08 (0.80-1.45)

    

80-84

28/149

0.64 (0.40-1.04)

95/316

0.84 (0.66-1.06)

55/163

0.78 (0.58-1.05)

68/302

0.78 (0.56-1.08)

    

85-89

45/158

0.94 (0.63-1.40)

82/369

0.65 (0.50-0.84)

58/219

0.61 (0.45-0.84)

69/308

0.81 (0.59-1.12)

    

>90

16/93

0.59 (0.32-1.11)

90/355

0.86 (0.68-1.09)

53/223

0.76 (0.57-1.01)

53/225

0.90 (0.65-1.28)

    
  1. CCI Charlson Comorbidity Index, OHATI own home affiliated to an institution, BMI Body Mass Index, GP general practitioner, EMCC Emergency Medical Communication Center
  2. *Mutually adjusted for the other variables in the table. Adjustments are categorical besides age (continuous) and time with ambulance (restricted cubic splines)
  3. aFour levels of body mass index were defined as < 18.5 (underweight), 18.5-24.9 (normal weight), 25-29.9 (overweight) and > 30.0 (obese)
  4. bDefined as the time from ambulance arrival on scene until hospital admission
  5. c2011 and 2014 contain patient information from 6-month periods