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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the LT-BI and non LT-BI groups

From: Impact of Cushing’s sign in the prehospital setting on predicting the need for immediate neurosurgical intervention in trauma patients: a nationwide retrospective observational study

  LT-BI N = 1859 Non LT-BI N = 4473 P-value
Age (year), mean ± SD 62 ± 20 54 ± 22 <0.001*
Female, n (%) 599 (32) 1,272 (28) 0.003†
pSBP (mmHg), mean ± SD 152 ± 40 129 ± 35 <0.001*
pHR (beats/min), mean ± SD 84 ± 23 90 ± 24 <0.001*
Chest AIS ≥ 4, n (%) 158 (9) 957 (21) <0.001†
Abdomen AIS ≥ 4, n (%) 10 (0.5) 154 (3) <0.001†
Extremity AIS ≥ 4, n (%) 36 (2) 292 (7) <0.001†
ISS, median (IQR) 25 (25, 29) 22 (16, 34) <0.001‡
Hospital mortality, n (%) 1,075 (58) 982 (22) <0.001†
  1. LT-BI life-threatening brain injuries requiring immediate neurosurgical intervention, SD standard deviation, pSBP systolic blood pressure in the prehospital setting, pHR heart rate in the prehospital setting, AIS Abbreviated Injury Scale, ISS Injury Severity Score, IQR interquartile range
  2. *Student’s t test
  3. †chi-square analysis
  4. ‡Mann–Whitney U test
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