Skip to main content

Table 3 Initial vital signs at emergency department in the unmatched and propensity score-matched groups

From: Outcomes after helicopter versus ground emergency medical services for major trauma--propensity score and instrumental variable analyses: a retrospective nationwide cohort study

 

Unmatched groups

Matched groups

HEMS

GEMS

SD, %

HEMS

GEMS

SD, %

n = 4128

(%)

n = 17158

(%)

n = 3980

(%)

n = 3980

(%)

Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg

 0

272

(6.6)

1342

(7.8)

-4.6

253

(6.4)

374

(9.4)

-11.1

 1 to 89

522

(12.6)

1900

(9.4)

10.2

496

(12.5)

455

(11.4)

3.4

 90 to 109

552

(13.4)

2157

(10.7)

8.3

537

(13.5)

507

(12.7)

2.4

  ≥ 110

2725

(66.0)

14506

(71.9)

-12.8

2642

(66.4)

2579

(64.8)

3.4

 missing

57

(1.4)

234

(1.2)

1.8

52

(1.3)

65

(1.6)

-2.5

Heart rate, beats/min

 0

272

(6.6)

1342

(7.8)

-4.6

253

(6.4)

374

(9.4)

-11.1

 1 to 59

263

(6.4)

1063

(6.2)

0.8

255

(6.4)

279

(7.0)

-2.4

 60 to 99

2461

(59.6)

10350

(60.3)

-1.4

2384

(59.9)

2320

(58.3)

3.3

  ≥ 100

1065

(25.8)

3990

(23.3)

5.8

1024

(25.7)

892

(22.4)

7.7

 missing

67

(1.6)

413

(2.4)

-5.7

64

(1.6)

115

(2.9)

-8.8

Respiratory rate, breaths/min

 0

272

(6.6)

1342

(7.8)

-4.6

253

(6.4)

374

(9.4)

-11.1

 1 to 9, > 29

719

(17.4)

2708

(15.8)

4.3

689

(17.3)

697

(17.5)

-0.5

 10 to 29

2881

(69.8)

11725

(68.3)

3.2

2787

(70.0)

2554

(64.2)

12.4

 missing

256

(6.2)

1383

(8.1)

-7.4

251

(6.3)

355

(8.9)

-9.8

Japan Coma Scale

 Grade 0 (alert)

1033

(25.0)

4524

(26.4)

-3.2

1012

(25.4)

1072

(26.9)

-3.4

 Grade 1 (delirium)

806

(19.5)

3784

(22.1)

-6.4

775

(19.5)

775

(19.5)

0.0

 Grade 2 (sommolence)

510

(12.4)

1920

(11.2)

3.7

489

(12.3)

418

(10.5)

5.7

 Grade 3 (coma)

1022

(24.8)

3559

(20.7)

9.8

992

(24.9)

840

(21.1)

9.0

 missing

757

(18.3)

3371

(19.6)

-3.3

712

(17.9)

875

(22.0)

-10.3

Glasgow Coma Scale

 ≧ 14

2176

(52.7)

9283

(54.1)

-2.8

2101

(52.8)

2169

(54.5)

-3.4

 9 to 13

797

(19.3)

3419

(19.9)

-1.5

765

(19.2)

742

(18.6)

1.5

 ≦ 8

1088

(26.4)

3771

(22.0)

10.3

1049

(26.4)

884

(22.2)

9.8

 missing

67

(1.6)

685

(4.0)

-14.6

65

(1.6)

185

(4.6)

-17.4

Body temperature, °C

  < 35

344

(8.3)

1273

(7.4)

3.3

328

(8.2)

278

(7.0)

4.5

 ≧ 35

2845

(68.9)

12985

(75.7)

-15.2

2769

(69.6)

2917

(73.3)

-8.2

 missing

939

(22.7)

2900

(16.9)

14.6

883

(22.2)

785

(19.7)

6.1

  1. Total may not become 100% due to rounding off
  2. HEMS helicopter emergency medical services, GEMS ground emergency medical services, SD standardized difference