Table 2 Initial prehospital vital signs and treatment stratified according to the presence or absence of cardiogenic pulmonary oedema
From: Prehospital lung ultrasound for the diagnosis of cardiogenic pulmonary oedema: a pilot study
Initial prehospital vital signs | CPO presenta (n = 18) | CPO absentb (n = 22) |
|---|---|---|
Respiratory rate - breaths per minute | ||
- Median (IQRc) | 36 (32–42) | 32 (30–36) |
- Range | 24–50 | 28–42 |
Saturation prior to oxygen treatment - % | ||
- Median (IQRc) | 80 (71–91) | 85 (64–91) |
- Range | 54–98 | 50–98 |
Systolic blood pressure - mmHg | ||
- Median (IQRc) | 161 (130–210) | 155 (120–177) |
- Range | 84–230 | 80–208 |
Diastolic blood pressure - mmHg | ||
- Median (IQRc) | 110 (80–121) | 80 (66–100) |
- Range | 63–130 | 48–124 |
Heart rate – beats per minute | ||
- Median (IQRc) | 120 (112–150) | 115 (91–134) |
- Range | 83–180 | 28–143 |
Glasgow Coma Score | ||
- Median (IQRc) | 15 (15–15) | 15 (15–15) |
- Range | 15 | 13–15 |
Prehospital treatment administered – no. (%) (95 % CI) | ||
Nitroglycerin | 15 (83.3 %) | 3 (13.6 %) |
(64.3–100 %) | (0–29.2 %) | |
Diuretic | 16 (88.9 %) | 7 (31.8 %) |
(72.8–100) | (10.7–53.0 %) | |
Opioid | 5 (27.8 %) | 3 (13.6 %) |
(4.9–50.7 %) | (0–29.2 %) | |
Amiodarone | 2 (11.1 %) | 0 (0 %) |
(0–27.2 %) | (0–13.6 %) | |
Acetylsalicylic acid | 4 (22.2 %) | 0 (0 %) |
(0.9–43.5 %) | (0–13.6 %) | |
Low molecular weight heparin | 1 (5.6 %) | 0 (0 %) |
(0–17.3 %) | (0–13.6 %) | |
Bronchodilator | 3 (16.7 %) | 17 (77.3 %) |
(0–35.7 %) | (58.3–96.2 %) | |
Systemic steroid | 2 (11.1 %) | 14 (63.4 %) |
(0–27.2 %) | (41.8–85.5 %) | |
Fluid resuscitation | 1 (5.6 %) | 2 (9.1 %) |
(0–17.3 %) | (0–22.1 %) | |