Fig. 1From: Development of a new Emergency Medicine Spinal Immobilization Protocol for trauma patients and a test of applicability by German emergency care providersE.M.S. IMMO Protocol for adult trauma patients. The ABCDE concept is a central element of the protocol. Depending on the status of the patient, differentiated indications for various options for spinal immobilization are followed. For stable patients, the indication is based on the MARSHAL criteria and examination of the cervical spine, after the assessment of the patient has been evaluated as appropriate (ICP = intracranial pressure)Back to article page