Table 1 Characteristics for all patients and patients with and without acute hypoxic failure or acute respiratory distress syndrome

Age (yrs)

48 ± 18

48 ± 19

51 ± 19

46 ± 18

0.56

Female sex, no. (%)

29 (26)

13 (27)

5 (19)

11 (30)

0.65

Injury severity score (ISS)

29 ± 12

30 ± 13

29 ± 11

26 ± 11

0.27

New Injury severity score (NISS)

32 ± 12

33 ± 13

30 ± 11

30 ± 12

0.31

Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS 3)

45 ± 10

45 ± 10

45 ± 10

45 ± 10

0.80

Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score (SOFA)

7 ± 4

9 ± 4^a

7 ± 3a

5 ± 3

<0.0001

Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)

13 ± 3

11 ± 4^{a, b}

14 ± 2

14 ± 3

<0.001

Blunt injury mechanism, no. (%)

112 (100 %)

49 (100)

26 (100)

37 (100)

n.a.

Pulmonary contusion, no. (%)

27 (24)

12 (25)

11 (42)^a

4 (11)

0.02

Pneumothorax before admission, no. (%)

43 (38)

20 (41)

12 (46)

11 (30)

0.38

Pulmonary embolism, no. (%)

7 (6)

4 (8)

2 (8)

1 (3)

0.56

Pneumonia, no. (%)

16 (14)

8 (16)

7 (27)^a

1 (3)

0.02

Time to surgery after injury, d

6 ± 4

7 ± 4

6 ± 3

5 ± 4

0.25

Total time of surgery, min

233 ± 152

226 ± 132

237 ± 175

241 ± 163

0.9

Perioperative blood loss, mL

1085 ± 1419

834 ± 831

1573 ± 2330

1034 ± 1025

0.44

PaO2/FiO2 ratio pre-operative

28 ± 15

23 ± 10^a

21 ± 12^a

40 ± 16

<0.0001

PaO2/FiO2 ratio post-operative

27 ± 13

26 ± 10^a

22 ± 6^a

32 ± 17

0.004

Need of invasive respiratory support, no. (%)

55 (49)

29 (59)^a

15 (58)^a

11 (30)

<0.0001

Duration of mechanical ventilation, d

4 ± 4

5 ± 4^a

4 ± 2^a

2 ± 2

<0.001

Need of vasoactive drugs, no. (%)

40 (36)

23 (47)^a

11 (42)

6 (16)

0.009

Duration with vasoactive drugs, d

3 ± 3

3 ± 4^a

3 ± 2^a

1 ± 1

0.02

Renal failure during ICU stay, no. (%)

19 (17)

10 (20)

6 (23)

3 (8)

0.21

ICU stay, d

6 ± 9

7 ± 7

6 ± 5

5 ± 13^d

0.76

Hospital stay, d

39 ± 23

42 ± 26

36 ± 19

37 ± 22

0.66

ICU mortality, no. (%)

4 (4)

3 (6)

1 (4)

0 (0)

0.32

Hospital mortality, no. (%)

5 (5)

4 (8)

1 (4)

0 (0)

0.19

60 days mortality, no. (%)

5 (5)^e

4 (8)^e

1 (4)

0 (0)

0.19

Crystalloids, mL/24 h

3596 ± 1261

3434 ± 964

3318 ± 1348

3888 ± 1460

0.08

Colloids^c, mL/24 h

541 ± 608

442 ± 495

613 ± 569

623 ± 754

0.12

Rbc transfusion rate, units/24 h

2 ± 4

2 ± 1^a

2 ± 2

4 ± 7

0.03

Fresh frozen plasma transfusion rate, units/24 h

1 ± 3

1 ± 1

1 ± 2

2 ± 5

0.11