Age (yrs)
|
48 ± 18
|
48 ± 19
|
51 ± 19
|
46 ± 18
|
0.56
|
Female sex, no. (%)
|
29 (26)
|
13 (27)
|
5 (19)
|
11 (30)
|
0.65
|
Injury severity score (ISS)
|
29 ± 12
|
30 ± 13
|
29 ± 11
|
26 ± 11
|
0.27
|
New Injury severity score (NISS)
|
32 ± 12
|
33 ± 13
|
30 ± 11
|
30 ± 12
|
0.31
|
Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS 3)
|
45 ± 10
|
45 ± 10
|
45 ± 10
|
45 ± 10
|
0.80
|
Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score (SOFA)
|
7 ± 4
|
9 ± 4a
|
7 ± 3a
|
5 ± 3
|
<0.0001
|
Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)
|
13 ± 3
|
11 ± 4a, b
|
14 ± 2
|
14 ± 3
|
<0.001
|
Blunt injury mechanism, no. (%)
|
112 (100 %)
|
49 (100)
|
26 (100)
|
37 (100)
|
n.a.
|
Pulmonary contusion, no. (%)
|
27 (24)
|
12 (25)
|
11 (42)a
|
4 (11)
|
0.02
|
Pneumothorax before admission, no. (%)
|
43 (38)
|
20 (41)
|
12 (46)
|
11 (30)
|
0.38
|
Pulmonary embolism, no. (%)
|
7 (6)
|
4 (8)
|
2 (8)
|
1 (3)
|
0.56
|
Pneumonia, no. (%)
|
16 (14)
|
8 (16)
|
7 (27)a
|
1 (3)
|
0.02
|
Time to surgery after injury, d
|
6 ± 4
|
7 ± 4
|
6 ± 3
|
5 ± 4
|
0.25
|
Total time of surgery, min
|
233 ± 152
|
226 ± 132
|
237 ± 175
|
241 ± 163
|
0.9
|
Perioperative blood loss, mL
|
1085 ± 1419
|
834 ± 831
|
1573 ± 2330
|
1034 ± 1025
|
0.44
|
PaO2/FiO2 ratio pre-operative
|
28 ± 15
|
23 ± 10a
|
21 ± 12a
|
40 ± 16
|
<0.0001
|
PaO2/FiO2 ratio post-operative
|
27 ± 13
|
26 ± 10a
|
22 ± 6a
|
32 ± 17
|
0.004
|
Need of invasive respiratory support, no. (%)
|
55 (49)
|
29 (59)a
|
15 (58)a
|
11 (30)
|
<0.0001
|
Duration of mechanical ventilation, d
|
4 ± 4
|
5 ± 4a
|
4 ± 2a
|
2 ± 2
|
<0.001
|
Need of vasoactive drugs, no. (%)
|
40 (36)
|
23 (47)a
|
11 (42)
|
6 (16)
|
0.009
|
Duration with vasoactive drugs, d
|
3 ± 3
|
3 ± 4a
|
3 ± 2a
|
1 ± 1
|
0.02
|
Renal failure during ICU stay, no. (%)
|
19 (17)
|
10 (20)
|
6 (23)
|
3 (8)
|
0.21
|
ICU stay, d
|
6 ± 9
|
7 ± 7
|
6 ± 5
|
5 ± 13d
|
0.76
|
Hospital stay, d
|
39 ± 23
|
42 ± 26
|
36 ± 19
|
37 ± 22
|
0.66
|
ICU mortality, no. (%)
|
4 (4)
|
3 (6)
|
1 (4)
|
0 (0)
|
0.32
|
Hospital mortality, no. (%)
|
5 (5)
|
4 (8)
|
1 (4)
|
0 (0)
|
0.19
|
60 days mortality, no. (%)
|
5 (5)e
|
4 (8)e
|
1 (4)
|
0 (0)
|
0.19
|
Crystalloids, mL/24 h
|
3596 ± 1261
|
3434 ± 964
|
3318 ± 1348
|
3888 ± 1460
|
0.08
|
Colloidsc, mL/24 h
|
541 ± 608
|
442 ± 495
|
613 ± 569
|
623 ± 754
|
0.12
|
Rbc transfusion rate, units/24 h
|
2 ± 4
|
2 ± 1a
|
2 ± 2
|
4 ± 7
|
0.03
|
Fresh frozen plasma transfusion rate, units/24 h
|
1 ± 3
|
1 ± 1
|
1 ± 2
|
2 ± 5
|
0.11
|