Table 1 Demographics of motorcycle riders hospitalized for trauma

Gender

 Male

296(63.5)

1476(54.6)

1.4(1.18–1.77)

<0.001

 Female

170(36.5)

1225(45.4)

0.7(0.57–0.85)

<0.001

Age

40.7 ± 14.2

40.7 ± 14.2

—

0.986

Mechanism, n(%)

 Motorcycle Driver

452(97.0)

2559(94.7)

1.8(1.03–3.13)

0.038

 Motorcycle Pillion

14(3.0)

142(5.3)

0.6(0.32–0.98)

0.038

Helmet use, n(%)

 Yes

414(88.8)

2360(87.4)

1.2(0.84–1.57)

0.375

 NO

42(9.0)

277(10.3)

0.9(0.62–1.22)

0.410

 Unknown

10(2.1)

64(2.4)

0.9(0.46–1.77)

0.768

Alcohol > 50, n(%)

42(9.0)

336(12.4)

0.7(0.50–0.98)

0.035

GCS

14.3 ± 2.3

14.1 ± 2.5

—

0.197

 ≤8

21(4.5)

166(6.1)

0.7(0.45–1.15)

0.166

 9–12

23(4.9)

127(4.7)

1.1(0.67–1.66)

0.826

 ≥13

422(90.6)

2408(89.2)

1.2(0.84–1.63)

0.363

AIS, n(%)

 Head/Neck

136(29.2)

887(32.8)

0.8(0.68–1.05)

0.119

 Face

99(21.2)

767(28.4)

0.7(0.54–0.86)

0.001

 Thorax

101(21.7)

389(14.4)

1.6(1.29–2.10)

<0.001

 Abdomen

33(7.1)

195(7.2)

1.0(0.67–1.44)

0.915

 Extremity

359(77.0)

1969(72.9)

1.2(0.99–1.57)

0.061

ISS

9.7 ± 8.1

9.3 ± 7.5

—

0.339

 <16

376(80.7)

2231(82.6)

0.9(0.69–1.13)

0.318

 16–24

58(12.4)

334(12.4)

1.0(0.75–1.36)

0.961

 ≥25

32(6.9)

136(5.0)

1.4(0.93–2.07)

0.103

NISS

11.5 ± 9.5

11.0 ± 9.2

—

0.258

TRISS

0.965 ± 0.100

0.964 ± 0.111

—

0.779

Mortality, n(%)

7(1.5)

32(1.2)

1.3(0.56–2.90)

0.566

LOS (days)

10.6 ± 10.9

9.5 ± 10.2

—

0.044

ICU

 Patients, n(%)

93(20.0)

492(18.2)

1.1(0.87–1.43)

0.371

  <16

29(6.2)

162(6.0)

1.0(0.69–1.56)

0.850

  16–24

37(7.9)

210(7.8)

1.0(0.71–1.47)

0.902

  ≥25

27(5.8)

120(4.4)

1.3(0.86–2.03)

0.200

 LOS in ICU (days)

7.9 ± 7.3

7.0 ± 8.2

—

0.311

  <16

6.4 ± 5.5

5.1 ± 4.6

—

0.175

  16–24

6.4 ± 5.3

6.1 ± 5.0

—

0.745

  ≥25

11.7 ± 9.9

11.2 ± 13.4

—

0.853