Table 2 Characteristics of included studies on ED-LOS/ICU-LOS/Hospital-LOS

Yan [45]

19.9 ± 2.2^a

20.6 ± 1.9^a

0.82

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

Rivers [7]

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

13.2 ± 13.8^a

13 ± 13.7^a

0.54

ProCESS [6]

NA

NA

NA

5.1 ± 6.3^a

4.7 ± 5.8^a

0.63

11.1 ± 10^a

11.3 ± 10.9^a

0.25

ARISE [30]

1.4 (0.5–2.7)^b

2.0 (1.0–3.8)^b

0.001

2.8 (1.4–5.1)^b

2.8 (1.5–5.7)^b

0.81

8.2 (4.9–16.7)^b

8.5 (4.9–16.5)^b

0.89

ProMISe [31]

1.5 (0.4–3.1) ^b

1.3 (0.4–2.9)^b

0.34

2.6 (1.0–5.8)^b

2.2 (0.0–5.3)^b

0.005

9 (4–21)^b

9 (4–18) ^b

0.46